Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1st Year Systems > Anatomy of The CVS > Flashcards

Anatomy of The CVS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cardiovascular system?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the heart placed?

A

Middle mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a portal system?

A

Capillary - vain - capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the base of the heart?

A

The left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the right border foromed from?

A

The right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the sternal surface formed from?

A

The right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the name of the great vessels from left to right?

A

Superior vena cava, ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the veins of the base?

A

Pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the vein that cardiac vein drains into before reaching the right atrium?

A

Coronary vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define mediastinum

A

= Area of thoracic cavity between pleural sacs (around lungs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is contained within the superior mediastinum?

A

Above T4, inferior is below T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the anterior mediastinum, middle mediastinum, posterior mediastinum?

A

Anterior - front of the heart

Middle - heart

Posterior - behind the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When does the thymus invilute?

A

Puberty or before puberty, proliferation in later life invades the lungs - asymptomatic, doctor performs thymectomy to cure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is the apex of the heart?

A

•Apex - 5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line (some references say 4th) - This is lying down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does surface anatomy of the heart refer to?

A

Surface of the body, not the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the apex of the heart in children?

A

•Higher in children and lies more horizontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the name given to the inversion of organs? Situs invertus

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is anterior to the heart?

A

Ant. * Sternum & l. costal cartilages 4-7

* Ant. edges lungs and pleurae

* Thymic remnants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is posterior to the heart?

A

Post. * Oesophagus

* Descending aorta

* Thoracic vertebrae 5-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is lateral to the heart?

A

Lungs and the phrenic nerves (also supply the pericardium as well as the diaphragm).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is inferior to the heart?

A

Central tendon of the heart

22
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

Innermost surface of the heart - simple squamous epithelial cells

23
Q

What forms the middle surface of the heart?

A

•Myocardium (middle)

–Muscle

24
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

•Epicardium (outermost)

–Connective tissue + *BM + Epithelium

*(BM = Basement Membrane)

25
Q

Epithelium of the epicardium is the?

A

Visceral pericardium

26
Q

What separates the parietal from the visceral pericardium?

A

Pericardial cavity

27
Q

What is the function of the fibrous layer?

A

Stops the ballooning of the parietal pericardium?

28
Q

How does the endocardium form the valves of the heart?

A

Forms projections which enter the lumen

29
Q

How would you describe the myocardium?

A
  • Thick middle layer of heart wall
  • Cardiac muscle (Myocytes)
  • Striated muscle, lots of mitochondria
  • Rich capillary bed
  • Muscle bundles in different planes to close down chamber lumen
  • Myocytes connected by intercalated discs
30
Q

Why is the myocardium described as a functional syncitium?

A

Cells functinon as a unit

31
Q

What is the function of desmosomes?

A

–Connect at horizontal interface

–Bind myocytes together

32
Q

What is the purpose of gap junctions?

A

Connect at the vertical interface

Electrical communication

Essential to co-ordinated cardiac cycle

33
Q

What are intercalated disks made from?

A

Desmosomes and gap junctions

34
Q

What is the outer layer of the heart called?

A

The epicardium

35
Q

What is the epicardium made from?

A

Connective tissue, basement membrane and simple squamous epithelium

36
Q

What is the epithelium of the epicardium referred to as?

A

It is also the visceral layer of the serous pericardium

37
Q

What is the purpose of blood valves?

A

Control direction of blood flow

38
Q

Where are the cusps derived from?

A

The endocardium

39
Q

Do valves work actively or passively?

A

Passively

40
Q

How is valve failure prevented?

A

Chordae tendinae and pipillary muscle prevent inversion

41
Q

What is meant by incompetence and stenosis of heart valves?

A

Incompetence - widening

Stenosis - narrowing

42
Q

Where do you find the mitral and the tricuspid valces?

A

Mitral = Left atriventricular valve

Tricuspid = right atrioventricular valve

43
Q

What is the result of the failure of the valves to close tightly?

A

Back flow of blood into the left ventricle

44
Q

What is the cardiac skeleton comprised of?

A

Connective tissue

45
Q

What is the purpose of the cardiac skeleton?

A

Structural suport (atrioventricular septum)

Electrical insulation

(separates atria from ventricles, separates myocardium from great vessels

46
Q

What are the two main coronary arteries?

A

Left and right

47
Q

Describe the relationship between the cusps of the heart and the aortic sinuses

A

Systole - Sinuses sheilded by cusps

Diastole (relaxation) - aortic valves become closed due to elastic recoil of the aorta and so blood enters capillaries

48
Q

What holds the heart in place?

A

Hangs by great vessels within fibrous pericardium

Pericardium is essentially a bag of fibrous tissue

Attatchments of the heart - central tendon of diaphragm, sternum and roots of great vessels

Lined by serous pericardium

49
Q

What does the serous pericardium secrete?

A

Pericardial fluid - lubricant

50
Q

What are the attachments of the viseceral and parietal layer of the serous pericardium?

A

Visceral - epicardium

Perietal - fibrous pericardium

51
Q
A

1st Year Systems (81 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions