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RUSVM Physiology I > RUSVM Physio Neuro Part 7 Audition > Flashcards

RUSVM Physio Neuro Part 7 Audition Flashcards

1
Q

How many ears is required for hearing?

A

atleast 1 ear

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2
Q

How many ears is required for localization of sound

A

requires 2 ears

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3
Q

T/F sounds are pressure waves in the air with given frequencies and amplitudes

A

TRUE

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4
Q

How is frequency of sounds perceived

A

as pitch

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5
Q

How is amplitude of sounds perceived

A

as loudness

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6
Q

The amplitude (intensity) of a sound in quantified in

A

Decibels (dB)

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7
Q

How loud can a dog bark

A

as loud as 108 dB

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8
Q

The frequency of a sound is the number of pressure oscillation cycles per unit time- how is this expressed in units

A

HERTZ (Hz)

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9
Q

Dogs can efficiently detect sounds between what Hz

A

30-35.000 Hz

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10
Q

What part of the ears does hearing involve

A

the external ear, middle ear and inner ear.

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11
Q

Where is the sensory receptor located in the ear

A

In the inner ear

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12
Q

What does the external ear do for hearing?

A

The external ear directs the sound waves into the ear canal.

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13
Q

What is the external ear composed of?

A

the fleshly part- Pinna and the ear canal (L shaped)

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14
Q

T/F the external ear is separated from the middle ear

A

TRUE

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15
Q

How is the external ear separated from the middle ear

A

By the tympanic membrane or eardrum.

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16
Q

T/F The middle ear is an air-filled cavity in the temporal bone

A

TRUE

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17
Q

How is the middle ear connected to the nasoparynx

A

It is connected to the nasopharynx by the auditory tube

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18
Q

What is the auditory tube called

A

the eustachian tube

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19
Q

What does the middle ear contain

A

it contains the OSSICLES and 2 small skeletal muscles.

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20
Q

What are the 3 tiny bones connected to each other in the Ossicle called

A
  1. Malleus
  2. Incus
  3. Stapes
21
Q

Where does the Malleus connect to

A

connected to the ear drum

22
Q

Where is the Incus

A

The incus is the middle ear that is between the malleus and stapes

23
Q

What is the stapes connected to

A

the stapes is connected to the oval window

24
Q

T/F The ossicles transfer vibration of the ear drum to the oval window.

A

TRUE

25
Q

T/F the ossicles increase the amplitude of sound waves protecting the sensitive sensory cells

A

False - it will decrease the amplitude of sound waves protecting the sensitive sensory cells.

26
Q

What does the inner ear (labyrinth) contain

A

it contains the sensory organs for both the auditory system and vestibular system.

27
Q

What does the vestibular system detect

A

It detects acceleration and static tilt of the head.

28
Q

What is the auditory portion of the inner ear complex called

A

It is called the Cochlea.

29
Q

What organ does the inner ear contain

A

it contains the organ of CORTI which has hair cell receptors

30
Q

The sensory hair cells are what type of receptors

A

They are mechanoreceptors.

31
Q

T/F The sterocilia is able to regenerate and will not cause hearing loss.

A

False- the sterocilia does NOT regenerate and CAN cause hearing loss.

32
Q

What membrane overlies the sensory cells

A

The TECTORIAL MEMBRANE

33
Q

What membrane is the floor of the organ of Corti

A

The BASILAR MEMBRANE

34
Q

What does the vibration of the organ of Corti cause

A

it causes bending of cilia on the hair cells by shearing force as the cilia push against the tectorial membrane

35
Q

What does the bending of the cilia produce a change in

A

in K+ conductance of the hair cell membrane

36
Q

What does the bending in one direction cause

A

It causes a DEPOLARIZATION - triggers K+ INFLUX

Leads to Ca channel opening and release of NT Glutamate.

37
Q

What type of NT does Glutamate function as?

A

It functions as an excitatory NT

38
Q

What does Glutamate cause

A

It causes and AP in the afferent cochlear nerves.

39
Q

What does bending in the other direction cause

A

It causes a HYPERPOLARIZATION- triggers K+ EFFLUX

Glutamate is NOT released an AP is NOT Formed

40
Q

What does a hyperpolarization trigger

A

it triggers K+ EFFLUX -> Glutamate is NOT released and an AP is NOT formed.

41
Q

What is the oscilatory pattern called

A

Cochlear Microphonic Potential

42
Q

T/F Different auditory hair cells are activated by different frequencies.

A

TRUE

43
Q

Hair cells located at the base of the basilar membrane (inner cells) respond best to what

A

Best to HIGH FREQUENCIES

44
Q

Hair cells located at the apex (outer cells) respond best to what

A

Best to LOW FREQENCIES

45
Q

The basilar membrane act as what

A

a sound frequency analyzer

46
Q

Spatial mapping of frequencies generates what

A

a TONOTOPIC MAP

47
Q

What does the tonotopic map tell

A

tells where sounds of different frequency are processed in the brain

48
Q

In the ascending pathway where is information transmitted from

A

Transmitted from the hair cells to the cochlear nerve.

RUSVM Physiology I (10 decks)

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