RUSVM Physio Neuro Part 7 Audition

Question 1

How many ears is required for hearing?

Answer 1

atleast 1 ear

Question 2

How many ears is required for localization of sound

Answer 2

requires 2 ears

Question 3

T/F sounds are pressure waves in the air with given frequencies and amplitudes

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

How is frequency of sounds perceived

Answer 4

as pitch

Question 5

How is amplitude of sounds perceived

Answer 5

as loudness

Question 6

The amplitude (intensity) of a sound in quantified in

Answer 6

Decibels (dB)

Question 7

How loud can a dog bark

Answer 7

as loud as 108 dB

Question 8

The frequency of a sound is the number of pressure oscillation cycles per unit time- how is this expressed in units

Answer 8

HERTZ (Hz)

Question 9

Dogs can efficiently detect sounds between what Hz

Answer 9

30-35.000 Hz

Question 10

What part of the ears does hearing involve

Answer 10

the external ear, middle ear and inner ear.

Question 11

Where is the sensory receptor located in the ear

Answer 11

In the inner ear

Question 12

What does the external ear do for hearing?

Answer 12

The external ear directs the sound waves into the ear canal.

Question 13

What is the external ear composed of?

Answer 13

the fleshly part- Pinna and the ear canal (L shaped)

Question 14

T/F the external ear is separated from the middle ear

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

How is the external ear separated from the middle ear

Answer 15

By the tympanic membrane or eardrum.

Question 16

T/F The middle ear is an air-filled cavity in the temporal bone

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

How is the middle ear connected to the nasoparynx

Answer 17

It is connected to the nasopharynx by the auditory tube

Question 18

What is the auditory tube called

Answer 18

the eustachian tube

Question 19

What does the middle ear contain

Answer 19

it contains the OSSICLES and 2 small skeletal muscles.

Question 20

What are the 3 tiny bones connected to each other in the Ossicle called

Answer 20

1. Malleus
2. Incus
3. Stapes

Question 21

Where does the Malleus connect to

Answer 21

connected to the ear drum

Question 22

Where is the Incus

Answer 22

The incus is the middle ear that is between the malleus and stapes

Question 23

What is the stapes connected to

Answer 23

the stapes is connected to the oval window

Question 24

T/F The ossicles transfer vibration of the ear drum to the oval window.

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

T/F the ossicles increase the amplitude of sound waves protecting the sensitive sensory cells

Answer 25

False - it will decrease the amplitude of sound waves protecting the sensitive sensory cells.

Question 26

What does the inner ear (labyrinth) contain

Answer 26

it contains the sensory organs for both the auditory system and vestibular system.

Question 27

What does the vestibular system detect

Answer 27

It detects acceleration and static tilt of the head.

Question 28

What is the auditory portion of the inner ear complex called

Answer 28

It is called the Cochlea.

Question 29

What organ does the inner ear contain

Answer 29

it contains the organ of CORTI which has hair cell receptors

Question 30

The sensory hair cells are what type of receptors

Answer 30

They are mechanoreceptors.

Question 31

T/F The sterocilia is able to regenerate and will not cause hearing loss.

Answer 31

False- the sterocilia does NOT regenerate and CAN cause hearing loss.

Question 32

What membrane overlies the sensory cells

Answer 32

The TECTORIAL MEMBRANE

Question 33

What membrane is the floor of the organ of Corti

Answer 33

The BASILAR MEMBRANE

Question 34

What does the vibration of the organ of Corti cause

Answer 34

it causes bending of cilia on the hair cells by shearing force as the cilia push against the tectorial membrane

Question 35

What does the bending of the cilia produce a change in

Answer 35

in K+ conductance of the hair cell membrane

Question 36

What does the bending in one direction cause

Answer 36

It causes a DEPOLARIZATION - triggers K+ INFLUX | Leads to Ca channel opening and release of NT Glutamate.

Question 37

What type of NT does Glutamate function as?

Answer 37

It functions as an excitatory NT

Question 38

What does Glutamate cause

Answer 38

It causes and AP in the afferent cochlear nerves.

Question 39

What does bending in the other direction cause

Answer 39

It causes a HYPERPOLARIZATION- triggers K+ EFFLUX | Glutamate is NOT released an AP is NOT Formed

Question 40

What does a hyperpolarization trigger

Answer 40

it triggers K+ EFFLUX -> Glutamate is NOT released and an AP is NOT formed.

Question 41

What is the oscilatory pattern called

Answer 41

Cochlear Microphonic Potential

Question 42

T/F Different auditory hair cells are activated by different frequencies.

Answer 42

TRUE

Question 43

Hair cells located at the base of the basilar membrane (inner cells) respond best to what

Answer 43

Best to HIGH FREQUENCIES

Question 44

Hair cells located at the apex (outer cells) respond best to what

Answer 44

Best to LOW FREQENCIES

Question 45

The basilar membrane act as what

Answer 45

a sound frequency analyzer

Question 46

Spatial mapping of frequencies generates what

Answer 46

a TONOTOPIC MAP

Question 47

What does the tonotopic map tell

Answer 47

tells where sounds of different frequency are processed in the brain

Question 48

In the ascending pathway where is information transmitted from

Answer 48

Transmitted from the hair cells to the cochlear nerve.