Testicle Flashcards
On US, how do testicular cancers appear?
Hypoechoic lesions
- seminoma = more homogenous
- lymphoma = multifocal hypoechoic lesions
Define testicular microlithiasis
> 5 microcalcifications in the testicle
Common in pts dx with testicular cancer; however, microlithiasis without a testicular mass does NOT have an increased risk of testicular cancer
Are extra-testicular masses more likely benign or malignant?
Name two common
Benign
- Lipomas (spermatic cord)
- Adenomatoid tumor (epididymis or testicular tunica vaginalis)
What is the next step if on testicular US you detect an absent vas deferens?
Get a renal US to r/o absent ipsilateral kidney
What are common US findings for epididymitis/orchitis?
Enlarged epididymis/testicle with decreased echogenicity, hypervascularity, and commonly a reactive hydrocele
Define varicocele:
Venous dilation of the pampiniform plexus
Varicocele more common on left or right?
Left
- due to insertion of into left renal vein and increased length
If US shows a right sided varicocele, what is a recommended f/u study to perform?
CT abdomen/pelvis to r/o malignancy
What is a subclinical varicocele?
Detected on US but not on clinical exam
What is a grade 1 varicocele?
Palpable only with valsalva
What is a grade 2 varicocele?
Palpable without valsalva
What is a grade 3 varicocele?
Visible without palpation
Imaging of choice for testicular torsion?
Color doppler US
US findings of testicular torsion?
Heterogenous, hypoechoic testicle
“Ring of Fire:” decreased blood flow with surrounding, circumferential hypervascularity
