B1 - Fitness and Health

Question 1

How can you measure your fitness level?

Answer 1

• stamina
• strength
• flexibility
• speed
• cardiovascular efficiency

Question 2

What is the difference between physical fitness and good health?

Answer 2

Physical fitness - the ability to do physical activity

Good health - Being free from disease. A disease is any part of the body not functioning properly

Question 3

What increases the risk of developing heart disease?

Answer 3

• high blood pressure
• smoking
• too much saturated fat
• too much saturated salt

Question 4

What is systolic and diastolic pressure? What happens during exercise?

Answer 4

Pressure in arteries when heart contracts = systolic pressure
Pressure in arteries when heart relaxes = diastolic pressure

During exercise systolic pressure goes up, but then comes down when you finish.

Question 5

What can increase resting blood pressure?

Answer 5

• smoking
• eating too much salt
• being overweight
• stress
• too much alcohol regularly
• too much saturated fat

Question 6

What can high blood pressure lead to? And low blood pressure?

Answer 6

High - more likely to have a heart attack , stroke or kidney damage

Low - dizziness, fainting, poor circulation and organ failure

Question 7

How does smoking increase blood pressure?

Answer 7

• tobacco has carbon monoxide which combines with haemoglobin in red blood cells and stops them from carrying as much oxygen, and so the heart has to bear faster to compensate, putting a strain on it.
• Tobacco also has nicotine which increases the heart rate

Question 8

How does saturated fat increase blood pressure?

Answer 8

• liver makes cholesterol from saturated fat ( found in milk, butter, eggs, cheese, red meat , cream )
• cholesterol is carried in the blood and may be deposited in artery walls
• this narrows the artery and restricts blood flow. Blood pressure increase to force blood through the narrower gap.

Question 9

What is thrombosis? How is it caused?

Answer 9

• cholesterol deposits can lead to blood clos called thrombosis
• a thrombosis in the artery supplying the heart muscle causes a heart attack , and in the brain, causes a stroke

Question 10

Why do you need carbs, fats, protein, Iron, vitamin c,fibre and water and where is it stored?

Answer 10

Carbohydrates - Made up of simple sugars like glucose, for energy, stored in liver as glycogen or converted to fats

Fat - made up of fatty acids and glycerol, for energy and stored under the skin and around organs as adipose tissue

Proteins - for growth and repair - no stored

Iron - a mineral - to make haemoglobin - not stored

Vitamin C - to prevent scurvy - not stored

Fibre - to prevent constipation - not stored

Water - to prevent dehydration, replacing water lost in tears, urine and faeces, not stored

Question 11

How do you calculate EAR?

Answer 11

EAR in g = 0.6 x body mass in kg

This is only an average amount. A persons protein needs may vary depending on age, pregnancy or lactation.

Question 12

Why might some people not get enough protein?

Answer 12

• over population - too many people to feed properly
• limited investment in agricultural techniques which results in less food being produced
• eating more second class proteins ( from plants ) than first class proteins ( from animals ) . First class proteins contain essential amino acids that cannot be made by the body.

Question 13

How do you work out BMI? What does it mean?

Answer 13

Mass in kg / height in meters ( squared )

Under 18 = underweight
18-25 = normal
25-30 = overweight
30 + = obèse

Question 14

What are obese people more likely to suffer from?

Answer 14

• heart disease
• arthritis
• diabetes
• breast cancer