Quiz 2

Question 1

why is there a chapter on the self?

Answer 1

because there is a relationship between how we see ourselves and our social relations.

Question 2

self-concept

Answer 2

how we see ourselves.

Question 3

self-esteem

Answer 3

how we feel about ourselves.

Question 4

Reciprocal, odd Relationship

Answer 4

if you have normal mentally healthy self-esteem, you will miss remember this that went poorly for you.

Question 5

What does the Social Comparison Theory influence? What is its role?

Answer 5

influences self-concept and self-esteem.

Question 6

Goals/Reasons for Social Comparison Role

Answer 6

1) feel better about ourselves (affects self-esteem)

2) to learn about ourselves (affects self-concept)

Question 7

Types of Social Comparison

Answer 7

downward, lateral, and upward.

Question 8

Lateral Comparison (we feel better after)

Answer 8

compare with people who got the same as you.

Question 9

Downward Comparison (we feel better after)

Answer 9

compare with people who perform worse than you.

Question 10

Upward Comparison (feel worse after)

Answer 10

compare with people who perform better than you.

Question 11

Role of Self in Social Thinking

Answer 11

using the self as a baseline in judging others.

Question 12

reverse comparison

Answer 12

comparing others to self in judging others.

Question 13

How do social comparison and reverse comparison differ?

Answer 13

social comparison is about judging yourself, and reverse comparison is about judging other people. In both cases, you are comparing yourself with other; it differs in who you are judging.

Question 14

Self-Serving Bias

Answer 14

positive biases about ourselves (positive illusions). having these is healthy.

Question 15

People who see themselves perfectly…

Answer 15

are at greater risk of depression.

Question 16

Attribution Self-Serving Bias

Answer 16

if you fail at something, you blame someone or something else for your failure (it could be someone else, but not always). Internal attributions are made when we succeed at something; we sometimes take more credit than we deserve.

Question 17

Importance of things we are good at

Answer 17

if I am bad at something, I’m going to rate it as less important in life. I’m better at badminton, so I will be more inclined to talk about badminton’s importance.

Question 18

Unrealistic Optimism

Answer 18

in general, we overestimate the likelihood of good things happening to us. We underestimate to likelihood that bad things can happen to us.

Question 19

Better-than-average effect

Answer 19

in general, people think they are above average at things.

Question 20

False consensus effect

Answer 20

tendency to overestimate how much other people agree with us.

Question 21

Overconfidence (other self-serving tendencies)

Answer 21

in general, people are overconfident. this is especially true when we are talking about something we’re incompetent at.

Question 22

Misremembering (other self-serving tendencies)

Answer 22

our memory isn’t as good as we think it is.

Question 23

Justification/Rationalization (other self-serving tendencies)

Answer 23

when you screwed up, you use rationalization and justification to reduce dissonance and as defense mechanisms.

Question 24

Group Serving Bias

Answer 24

same as self-serving bias, but on a group level.

Question 25

Pros of Self-Serving Bias

Answer 25

reduce risk of depression.

Question 26

Cons of Self-Serving Bias

Answer 26

can lead to bad decisions for ourselves.

can make it harder to work in groups.

Question 27

self-schema

Answer 27

beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of self-relevant information.

Question 28

self-concept

Answer 28

a person’s answers to the question, “Who am i?”

Question 29

possible selves

Answer 29

images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future.

Question 30

individualism

Answer 30

the concept of giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.

Question 31

collectivism

Answer 31

giving priority to the goals of one’s group and defining one’s identity accordingly.

Question 32

interdependent self

Answer 32

contouring one’s identity in relation to others. They also have a greater sense of belonging. Their relationships define who they are.

Question 33

planning fallacy

Answer 33

the tendency to underestimate how long it will take to complete a task. Studies show that people have the greatest difficulty predicting the intensity and the duration of their future emotions.

Question 34

immune neglect

Answer 34

the human tendency to underestimate the speed and the strength of the “psychological immune system,” which enables emotional recovery and resilience after bad things happen.

Question 35

spotlight effect

Answer 35

the belief that others are paying more attention to one’s appearance and behavior than they really are.

Question 36

illusion of transparency

Answer 36

the illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others.

Question 37

impact bias

Answer 37

overestimating the enduring impact of emotion0causing events.

Question 38

dual attitudes

Answer 38

differing implicit (automatic) and explicit (consciously controlled) attitudes toward the same object. Verbalized explicit attitudes may change with education and persuasion; implicit attitudes change slowly, with practice that forms new habits.

Question 39

Is it risky to try and read someone’s mind based off of nonverbal behavior and tone of voice?

Answer 39

Yes.

Question 40

Can someone’s word choice tell you something about their attitudes?

Answer 40

Yes. David Myers seems to think so! He has consistently written that the labels we use to describe something/someone necessarily reflect our beliefs about that person/thing.

Question 41

Microaggressions are…

Answer 41

If you use the wrong label and make someone sad or angry at you, you are said to have used a micro aggression.

Question 42

Some authors in WIAW contend that…

Answer 42

people’s character, beliefs, and views are hidden from view.

Question 43

Why would people use the labels they do?

Answer 43

exposure to information
peer pressure
pleasing the audience
anti political correctness

Question 44

Converse error

Answer 44

just because A implies B doesn’t mean that B implies A. Personal views cause in the use of certain labels, but certain labels don’t always reflect individual viewpoints.

Question 45

Spotlight Effect Heading Example

Answer 45

Student at Cornell University wore an embarrassing Barry Manlow shirt, and only 23% noticed.

Question 46

Interdependent/independent

Answer 46

Interdependent is to independent as collectivism is to individualism.

Question 47

The Inside Story Heading Example

Answer 47

Markus asks why Japanese students never ask questions, express opinions or share ideas. Kitayama wonders why American students always interrupt each other, always speak their mind, and cant sit through a lecture to the end without talking. Markus wonders why when she orders food in Japan, the waiter comes to the table with the same meal for every. She also wonders why the labeled “ordinary path” at a Japanese temple is more desired that the less-ordinary temple pathway.

Question 48

The Dark Side Heading Example

Answer 48

having inflated self view is called narcissism. Narcissists were likely to explode at people who berated them and love people who praised them. Students with high self-esteem and narcissism were the most aggressive.

Question 49

The link between low self-esteem and antisocial behavior disappeared when…

Answer 49

things like sexual abuse and earlier behavioral problems were considered.