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MSK > Forearm and elbow > Flashcards

Forearm and elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What structures form the elbow joint

A

Capitulum,
Trochlea,
Trochlea notch,
Head of the Radius

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2
Q

What structures form the proximal Radioulnar joint

A 
Radial notch (on Ulna),
Radial head
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3
Q

Where are the medial and lateral epichondyle located

A

Projections on the Distal Humorous

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4
Q

What are the purposes of the olecranon fossa, radial fossa and coronoid fossa

A

Accommodate the forearm bones during movement at the elbow

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5
Q

What can happen following direct damage to the elbow such as an supraepichondylar fracture

A

Interference of brachial Artery

Damage to Ulna, Radial or Median nerves

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6
Q

What can occur due to a medial epichondylar fracture

A

Damage to the Ulna nerve, Ulna claw

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7
Q

What does the proximal end of the Ulna articulate with

A

Trochlea

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8
Q

What is the Olecranon

A

Large projection of bone that forms part of Trochlea notch,

Triceps Brachii inserts here

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the coronoid process

A

It forms part of trochlea notch

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10
Q

What is the Ulna Tuberosity

A

Rough bone that the brachialis inserts to

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11
Q

What structures form the distal radioulnar joint

A

Styloid process,

Ulnar notch

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12
Q

What can a fracture of the olecranon result in

A

Part of the bone being pulled proximal due to triceps Brachii

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13
Q

What are 2 classical fractures of both Ulna and radius

A

Monteggias Fracture,

Galeazzis Fracture

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14
Q

What is the radial tuberosity

A

Bony projection that the Biceps Brachii attaches to

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15
Q

What 3 structures form the wrist joint

A

Scaphoid,
lunate,
2 facets on distal radius

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16
Q

What is the most common type of radial fracture

A

Collies’ fracture

17
Q

What happened in a Colles’ fracture

A

Fall on outstretched hand,
Distal radial fracture,
All structures more distal displaced posteriorly

18
Q

What is a smiths fracture

A

Fall on back of hand,
Distal radial fracture,
Hand and wrist displaced anteriorly

19
Q

what is ‘Tennis elbow’

A

Lateral Epicondylitis

20
Q

what is golfers elbow

A

Medial Epicondylitis

21
Q

what is the structure that holds the two forearm bones together

A

Interosseous membrane

22
Q

what is the purpose of the medial (Ulnar) collateral ligament

A

primary resistance to valgus stress

23
Q

what resists Varus stress at the elbow

A

Humeroulnar joint

24
Q

what is the purpose of the Annular Ligament

A

Resists subluxation of radial head

25
Q

what is it called when the orientation of the elbow is too close to the trunk

A

Cubitus Varus

26
Q

what is it called when the orientation of the elbow is too far from the trunk

A

Cubitus Valgus

27
Q

what is the usual carrying angle of an extended arm

A

10-15°

28
Q

what is the function of the Brachialis

A

primary flexor of elbow

29
Q

what function does the brachioradialis have

A

flexion, both rapid and slow

30
Q

when is the Biceps Brachii active

A

flexion with supinated or neutral forearm

during fast exercise

31
Q

what is the primary extensor of the elbow

A

Triceps Brachii (medial head especially)

32
Q

where does the Triceps Brachii insert

A

olecranon process

33
Q

what is the purpose of the Anconeus

A

initiates extension

34
Q

what is the function of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

active in extension due to posterior origin placement

35
Q

what muscles cause Supination

A

Supinator and Biceps Brachii

36
Q

what muscles cause pronation

A 
Pronator Quadratus (primary)
Pronator Teres
37
Q

what is found in the Cubital fossa

A

Radial nerve,
Biceps Brachii tendon,
Brachial Artery,
Median Nerve

MSK (4 decks)

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