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DAT > Destroyer Bio 301-400 > Flashcards

Destroyer Bio 301-400 Flashcards

1
Q

Cytochromes contain what cofactors?

A

Heme

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2
Q

Cytochromes are associated with what system?

A

Electron transport chain

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3
Q

Dinosaurs are from what era?

A

Mesozoic

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4
Q

Most recent era?

A

Cenozoic

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5
Q

Oldest era?

A

Precambrian era

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6
Q

First land vertebrates, land plants, fish, and alga appeared in what era?

A

Paleozoic era

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7
Q

Do embryos pass through stages that resemble their ancestors?

A

No

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8
Q

Plasmolysis

A

Cell shrinking due to placement in hypertonic solution

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9
Q

Sucrose monosaccharides?

A

Glucose + fructose

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10
Q

Maltose monosaccharides?

A

Glucose (2 molecules)

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11
Q

Lactose monosaccharides?

A

Galactose + glucose

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12
Q

What’s special about an erythrocytes DNA?

A

Doesn’t have DNA (no nucleus)

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13
Q

Bohr effect?

A

Hemoglobin unloads O2 under conditions of low pH

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14
Q

Allosteric interaction?

A

Molecule binds leading to conformational change and primary binding site will no longer bind to usual substrate

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15
Q

What types of hormones act by way of cyclic AMP?

A

Protein and polypeptide hormones

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16
Q

Dicot vascular bundle arrangement?

A

Arranged around central core in the stem

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17
Q

Monocot vascular bundle arrangement?

A

Scattered

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18
Q

Bacteria kingdom?

A

Kingdom Monera

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19
Q

Protista, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes

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20
Q

9:3:3:1 characteristic of F1 or F2 generation?

A

F2

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21
Q

Incomplete dominance?

A

Heterozygous phenotype is a combination of homozygous phenotypes

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22
Q

Major histocompatibility complex?

A

Distinguishes self from non self

Triggers T-cells to attack

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23
Q

Pyrimidines?

Rings?

A

Cytosine, Thymine, uracil

One ring

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24
Q

Purines?

Rings?

A

Adenine and guanine

2 rings

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25
Q

Best technique to determine tertiary protein structure?

A

X-ray crystallography

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26
Q

Active muscle contraction results in formation of what?

A

Lactate

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27
Q

Larynx?

A

Voice box

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28
Q

Pharynx?

A

Back of throat

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29
Q

Bacteriophage?

A

Virus that infects a bacteria

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30
Q

Bacteriophage organelles?

A

None

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31
Q

Capsid?

Contains?

A

Head of bacteriophage

Many copies of proteins and DNA OR RNA

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32
Q

Interferon?

A

Cytokines that respond to viral attack

Glycoprotein

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33
Q

Algae classification?

A

Protist

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34
Q

Blue green algae classification?

A

Monera

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35
Q

Acetylcholinesterase function?

A

Hydrolyzes acetylcholine

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36
Q

Primary succession?

A

Succession in areas that have never supported a community

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37
Q

Secondary succession?

A

Succession on disturbed areas

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38
Q

Pulse-chase experiment?

A

Radioactive label placed on protein to track location

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39
Q

Do reptiles have gills?

A

Yes

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40
Q

Optically inactive amino acid?

A

Glycine

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41
Q

What does ovarian follicle become after ovulation?

A

Corpus luteum

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42
Q

What does the corpus luteum produce?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

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43
Q

Aldosterone precursor?

A

Cholesterol

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44
Q

Thyroxine precursor?

A

Amino acid

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45
Q

Cortisol precursor?

A

Cholesterol

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46
Q

Cortisone precursor?

A

Cholesterol

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47
Q

Predominant plant form in sperms?

A

Sporophyte

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48
Q

Mitosis makes up what percentage of cell cycle?

A

10%

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49
Q

In what structures are spores produced?

A

Sporangia

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50
Q

Sori?

A

Clusters of sporangia

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51
Q

Product of dark reactions in photosynthesis?

A

Glucose

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52
Q

Map unit corresponds to what measure?

A

Recombinant frequencies

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53
Q

What stage dominates fungus life cycle?

A

Haploid stage

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54
Q

Dioecious species?

A

Cannot self fertilize

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55
Q

K selected population characteristics?

A

Low reproductive rates and constant size

56
Q

R selected population characteristics?

A

Rapid growth
Numerous offspring
Fast maturation

57
Q

Glycogen and glucose relationship?

A

Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose

58
Q

Where is glycogen found?

A

Glycogen is found in skeletal muscle and the liver

59
Q

What type of energy does glycogen represent?

A

Potential energy

60
Q

Starch and glycogen are composed of what type of glucose?

A

Alpha glucose

61
Q

Can more polypeptides or polysaccharides be made?

A

Polysaccharides because they can be branched or linear

62
Q

What tissue transports water and minerals in plants?

A

Xylem

63
Q

Main solute transported by phloem?

A

Sucrose

64
Q

What does the casparian strip do in plants? Description?

A

Aids in water control. It is a waxy band.

65
Q

What type of behavior occurs if animals conflict over a mate or food source?

A

Agonistic behavior

66
Q

A nucleic acid backbone consists of what?

A

Phosphate and sugar units

67
Q

What holds an alpha helix together?

A

Hydrogen bonds

68
Q

What type of structure is a beta-pleated sheet?

A

Secondary structure

69
Q

Does myoglobin contain quaternary structure?

A

No

70
Q

Does hemoglobin content quaternary structure?

A

Yes

71
Q

What is carbon dioxide transported in the blood as?

A

Bicarbonate Ion

72
Q

Glucose in the urine is an indicator of what disease?

A

Diabetes

73
Q

What do you nerve gases inhibit?

A

Acetylcholinesterase

74
Q

Tay-Sachs disease inheritance?

A

Autosomal recessive

75
Q

Is Tay-Sachs disease lethal?

A

Yes, approx 5 years

76
Q

What occurs during Tay-Sachs disease?

A

Lipid build up in the brain

77
Q

Most important factor affecting blood flow?

A

Blood vessel radius

78
Q

How many nuclei do smooth muscles have?

A

One

79
Q

Where do the air and food passages cross?

A

Pharynx

80
Q

What enzyme breaks down peroxide into water and oxygen?

A

Catalase

81
Q

Southern blot detect?

A

DNA

82
Q

Northern blots detect?

A

RNA

83
Q

Florescence correlation spectroscopy?

A

Studies cell to cell communication

84
Q

Which buffer system works primarily in the intracellular fluid?

A

The phosphate buffer system

85
Q

The pH of the extracellular fluid is maintained by what buffer system?

A

Bicarbonate buffer

86
Q

Is the bronchus or the bronchiole bigger?

A

Bronchus

87
Q

What contain contractile vacuoles?

A

Protozoans and sponges

88
Q

What do the bacteria in the large intestines produce?

A

Vitamin K

89
Q

Hey sperm cells unable to fertilize oocytes upon immediate ejaculation, what process must occur first?

A

Capacitation

90
Q

Waste product of aquatic animals?

A

Ammonia

91
Q

What contain malphighian tubules?

A

Insects

92
Q

What protein is associated with flagellum?

A

Dynein

93
Q

Is dynein involved in chromosomal movement?

A

Yes

94
Q

What does the cytoskeleton consist of?

A

Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

95
Q

Do you prokaryotes or eukaryotes contain a cytoskeleton?

A

Both

96
Q

What are Cilia and flagella made from?

A

Microtubules

97
Q

Cilia would be most affected by a drug the causes destruction of what?

A

Microtubules

98
Q

What is the U-shaped embryological structure?

A

Gastrula

99
Q

How many days after fertilization does the gastrula form?

A

14 days

100
Q

Acid hydrolases are contained and what cellular organelle?

A

Lysosome

101
Q

What type of curve is the myoglobin saturation curve?

A

Hyperbolic

102
Q

What type of curve is the hemoglobin saturation curve?

A

Sigmoidal

103
Q

What is the Bohr affect?

A

At a low pH hemoglobin unloads oxygen

104
Q

What is the function of the sub coetaneous layer?

A

Cushioning and insulation

105
Q

True or false, epidermis has no blood supply.

A

True

106
Q

What is the outermost layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum

107
Q

What is the innermost layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum germinativum

108
Q

An organism with a high metabolic rate will have a high or low hemoglobin saturation?

A

Low hemoglobin saturation

109
Q

Determining cleavage is characteristic of?

A

Protostomes including mollusk, annelids, and arthropod

110
Q

In protostomes, the blastopore forms the?

A

Mouth

111
Q

In deuterstomes the blastopore forms the?

A

Anus

112
Q

What type of immunity results from vaccination?

A

Active immunity that is artificially acquired

113
Q

What type of immunity results when a pregnant mother and transfers antibodies across the placenta?

A

Passive immunity that is naturally acquired

114
Q

Give an example of passive immunity that is artificially acquired?

A

In the case of rabies a person is treated by injecting antibodies from a person who has already been vaccinated

115
Q

Is the lipid bilayer symmetric?

A

No

116
Q

What model is used to describe the cell membrane?

A

The fluid Mosaic model

117
Q

Can inter membrane proteins move from one face of the bilayer to the other?

A

No

118
Q

Can inter-membrane proteins move laterally in the cell membrane?

A

Yes

119
Q

When does crossing over occur?

A

Prophase one of meiosis

120
Q

The theory of acquired characteristics is associated with who?

A

Lamark

121
Q

What is their oxygen in the earths early atmosphere?

A

No

122
Q

What were the first cells?

A

Anaerobic heterotrophic prokaryotes

123
Q

What is the function of desmosomes?

A

Holding adjacent cells together

124
Q

Memory cells are involved with what type of an immune response?

A

Secondary immune response

125
Q

Monoclonal antibody’s consist of?

A

B lymphocytes fused with myeloma cells

126
Q

Is Down syndrome autosomal?

A

Yes

127
Q

True or false? The frequency of down syndrome birds dramatically increases as the age of a mother increases.

A

True

128
Q

What protein makes skin waterproof?

A

Keratin

129
Q

Characteristic of Keratin that can make it hard?

A

Disulfide bridges

130
Q

What type of disorder is PKU?

A

Autosomal recessive

131
Q

What type of disorder is sickle cell anemia?

A

Autosomal recessive

132
Q

Spindle microtubules attach to what part of a chromosome?

A

Kinetochores

133
Q

What is progesterone derived from?

A

Cholesterol

134
Q

What affect does progesterone have her on sperm?

A

It aids in sperm motility and increases the likelihood of fertilization

135
Q

What does progesterone inhibit in women during pregnancy?

A

Lactation

DAT (5 decks)

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