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Finals > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is erythema nodosum?

A

It is a hypersensitivity response to a variety of stimuli.

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2
Q

What can cause erythema nodosum?

A

Infection : TB, strep pyigebes, chlamydia, leprosy

Inflammation: sarcoidosis, IBD

other : malignancy, pregnancy

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3
Q

How does erythema nodosum present?

A

Tender red nodules commonly found on shins, which appear for 1-2 weeks and leave bruise like discolouration as they resolve.

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of erythema multiforme?

A

Herpes simplex virus

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5
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

Infection, usually with S pyogenes or S aureus, involving the deep subcutaneous tissue.

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6
Q

How does pityriasis versicolour present?

A

Pale brown patches on the upper trunk which fail to tan on sun exposure. Usually asymptomatic.

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7
Q

What morphological types of BCC are there?

A

Nodular (most common), superficial, cystic, morphogenic, kerototic and pigmented

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8
Q

What is MOHs micro graphic surgery?

A

A surgical technique in which lesion and tissue borders are progressively excised until specimens are microscopically free of the tumour.

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9
Q

How does nodular BCC present?

A

Pearly rolled edge and surface telangectasia.

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10
Q

How does a SCC present?

A

Keratotic (scaly, crusty) lesion which might ulcerate

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11
Q

How can you remember the suspicious features of a possible malignant melanoma?

A

Asymmetry Borders Colours Diammeter (>6mm) Evolution, symptoms (itching / bleeding)

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12
Q

Where is superficial spreading melanoma usually found?

A

Lower limbs of younger / middle aged people

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13
Q

Where is nodular melanoma usually found?

A

On the trunk in young - middle aged people

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14
Q

Where is lentigo maligna melanoma usually found?

A

In the face of the elderly

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15
Q

Where is acral lentiginous melanoma usually found?

A

In the plans, soles and nail beds of the elderly.

NB: no clear link to sun exposure.

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16
Q

How is the prognosis of melanoma determined?

A

The breslow thickness -
<0.76mm - low risk
0.67-1.5 - medium risk
>1.6mm - high risk

17
Q

What is lichenification?

A

Well defined roughening if the skin with accentuation of skin markings. Seen in chronic is eczema.

18
Q

What is the treatment for acne?

A

Mild: topical retinoids or benzoyl peroxide, consider COCP
Moderate: dual topical therapy (Duac cream - clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide), consider topical antibiotic or oral antibiotic, COCP
Severe: refer to specialist services for isoretinoic acid; in mean time use oral antibiotics and topical therapy

19
Q

What is guttate psoriasis?

A

Rain drop lesions on trunk and proximal extremities

20
Q

What is the most common type of psoriasis?

A

Chronic plaque psoriasis

21
Q

What is seborrhoic psoriasis?

A

Nasolabial and retro-auricular distribution.

22
Q

What is pustular psoriasis?

A

Raised bumps on the skin filled with pus, generally in the palmar-plantar distribution.

23
Q

What is erythrodermic psoriasis?

A

Total body redness

24
Q

What is Koebner phenomenon?

A

A linear eruption arising from a site of trauma, can be seen in psoriasis.

25
Q

What is auspitz sign?

A

Scratch and gentle removal of psoriatic scaled causes caspillary bleeding.

26
Q

What is pompholyx?

A

Vesicular eczema of the hands and feet

27
Q

What are the blisters like in bullous pemohygoid?

A

Sub-epidermal blisters (ie not fragile) found on the trunk and limbs of elderly people. Can be itchy.

28
Q

What are the blisters like in pemphigus vulgaris ?

A

Intraepidermal blisters which are painful and prone to rupture. Can occur on mucosal membranes before skin. Middle aged people.

29
Q

How is bullous pemphygoid treated?

A

Topical corticosteroids, oral therapies for widespread disease

30
Q

How is pemphigus vulgaris treated?

A

Oral immunosuppressive therapies - high dose prednisolone and DMARDs etc

31
Q

How does lichen planus present?

A

Itchy violaceous flat topped lesions in a symmetrical distribution on firearms, wrists and legs. Wickham’s stiae on ora mucosa (lacy streaks)

32
Q

What is the treatment for lichen planus?

A

Corticosteroids and antihistamines

Finals (12 decks)

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