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Cadets > Level 3 Aviation test > Flashcards

Level 3 Aviation test Flashcards

1
Q

What is stability

A

It’s the tendancy of an aircraft during flight to remain straight and level and to return to this altitude, if displaced.

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2
Q

What is static stability?

A

The initial tendency of an aircraft when disturbed, to return to the original position

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3
Q

What is dynamic stability?

A

Overall tendency of an airplane to return to its original position following a series of damped out oscillations

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4
Q

What is positive stability?

A

The aircraft develops forces or moments which tend to restore it to its original position

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5
Q

What is neutral stability

A

There are no restoring forces and the airplane will neither return from its disturbed position nor move further

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6
Q

What is negative stability

A

Develop forces or moments to move further away. It is also called instability.

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7
Q

What is longitudinal stability?

A

Stability around the lateral axis also known as pitch stability.

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8
Q

How do you obtain longitudinal stability?

A

Airplanes are designed to be nose heavy when correctly loaded. The centre of gravity is ahead of the centre of pressure.

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9
Q

What does the airplane need if the plane is nose heavy?

A

A tailplane

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10
Q

What are the two factors that effect longitudinal stability

A
  1. Size and position of the horizontal stabilizer

2. Position of the centre of gravity

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11
Q

What is lateral stability

A

Stability around the longitudinal axis also called roll stability

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12
Q

What is lateral stability achieved through (4)

A
  1. Dihedral
  2. Sweepback
  3. Keel effect
  4. Proper distribution of weight
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13
Q

What is directional stability and is the most important feature?

A

Stability around the vertical axis and the fin and rudder are most important

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14
Q

What is this atmosphere made up of?

A

78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
Rest are other gases(argon, carbon dioxide, water vapour)

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15
Q

What are the principal properties of the atmosphere?

A

Mobility
Capacity for expansion
Capacity for compression

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16
Q

What are the four layers of the atmosphere

A

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere

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17
Q

How tall is the troposphere

A

28 000 ft above sea level at the poles to 54 000 ft at the equator

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18
Q

What happens in the troposphere

A

The most weather occurs and the lowest temperature is -56 degrees Celsius

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19
Q

Where is the stratosphere located

A

50 000 ft above the tropopause

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20
Q

What happens as you move up the layers

A

Pressure decreases and temperature increases to 0 degrees Celsius

21
Q

What later exists in the stratosphere

A

Ozone

22
Q

What happens in the mesosphere

A

Meteorites burn up

23
Q

What is the temperature like in the mesosphere?

A

-100 degrees Celsius at 275 000 ft above earth’s surface

24
Q

What are the conditions of the ICAO

A
  1. Air is dry gas
  2. A mean sea level pressure of 29.92 inches of mercury
  3. A mean sea level temperature of 15 degrees Celsius
  4. The rate of decrease temperature with altitude is 1.98 degrees Celsius per 1000 ft
25
Q

How is pressure measured at the surface of the earth

A

By the mercury barometer in inches of mercury

26
Q

What are the lines that join on a weather map

A

Isobars

27
Q

What are areas of low pressure called

A

Cyclones, depressions or simply lows

28
Q

What is a low pressure area

A

Région of relatively low pressure with the lowest pressure at the centre

29
Q

What are high pressure areas?

A

A high or anticyclone is an area of relatively high pressure, the pressure being higher than that of the surrounding regions. Highest pressure in the centre but decreases towards the outside.

30
Q

What two forms are the moisture in the atmosphere

A

Invisible(water vapour)

Visible (ice crystals)

31
Q

When is a mass of air saturated?

A

When it can hold the maximum amount of water vapour at a given temperature

32
Q

How does condensation happen?

A

When the temperature is lower after the air is saturated the air condenses

33
Q

How does deposition happen?

A

When the temperature is below freezing before the air saturates, the water vapour turns straight into ice crystals

34
Q

What are supercooled water droplets?

A

Water droplets that stay in liquid form below 0 degrees

35
Q

What is the dew point

A

The temperature to which unsaturated air must be cooled at constant pressure to become saturated (without addition or removal of any water vapour)

36
Q

What is relative humidity

A

The ratio of water vapour in the air to the amount which the same volume of air would hold if it were saturated

37
Q

How much relative humidity is in saturated air

A

100%

38
Q

How much relative humidity is in completely dry air

A

0%

39
Q

What happens when a mass of air is heated and no new water vapour is added

A

The relative humidity decreases

40
Q

What happens when a mass of air is cooled

A

Relative humidity increases

41
Q

What is the absolute humidity

A

The weight of water vapour per unit volume of air

42
Q

What is dihedral

A

Angle between wings and horizontal plane

43
Q

What is sweepback

A

Same thing as dihedral except wings are down

44
Q

What is keel effect

A

One wing dips and it acts like a pendulum

45
Q

What is an air mass

A

Large section of troposphere with uniform properties of temperature and moisture in the horizontal

46
Q

What is Martime air

A

Air mass formed over a large body of body becoming moist

47
Q

What is continental air

A

Air formed over a large dry area

48
Q

What are the three main factors that determine the weather in an air mass

A

Moisture content
The cooling process
The stability of air

49
Q

What are the seven types of precipitation

A 
Drizzle
Rain
Hail
Snow pellets (soft hail)
Snow
Ice prisms
Ice pellets

Cadets (3 decks)

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