Chapter 8: Risk Reduction

Question 1

Type of prevention that focuses on early detection of disease or health problems and intensive treatment while the outcome can be favorably altered.

Answer 1

Secondary prevention

Ex: screenings, detecting and treating risk factors

Question 2

Type of prevention that treats the disease or health problem to avoid negative outcomes and return the patient to the highest functional level.

Answer 2

Tertiary prevention

Ex: Cardiac rehab, post stroke rehab

Question 3

What are 2 cardiovascular effects from nicotine?

Answer 3

1. Increased heart rate

2. Increased blood pressure

Question 4

What is the goal for LDL?

Answer 4

Below 100

Question 5

What is the goal for HDL?

Answer 5

Men - above 40

Women - above 50

Question 6

What is the goal for triglycerides?

Answer 6

Below 200

Question 7

What does it mean if someone’s BMI is 18.5 to 24.9?

Answer 7

Healthy range

Question 8

What 2 things are recommended if someone’s BMI is 25 to 30?

Answer 8

Diet and exercise management

Question 9

A clustering of several metabolic risk actors in one patient which predisposes the person to premature heart disease. Must have three or more of the following factors present: abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, low HDL, HTN, and fasting glucoses above 110.

Answer 9

Metabolic syndrome

Question 10

Low ______ consumption is associated with hypertension.

Answer 10

Calcium

Question 11

High _______ consumption is associated with lower blood pressure in people with hypertension.

Answer 11

Potassium

Question 12

Type of exercise that is the movement of large muscles in the rhythmic fashion, using predominantly aerobic metabolism. It is more affect than anaerobic but requires more oxygen and blood flow.

Answer 12

Isotonic exercise

Ex: walking, running, swimming

Question 13

Type of exercise that involves muscle contraction and is associated with anaerobic metabolism.

Answer 13

Isometric exercise

Ex: weight lifting and resistance training

Question 14

With exercise and training of the heart, the stroke volume ________. That means with training one can do more work with a lower heart rate and systolic blood pressure.

Answer 14

Increases

Question 15

What are the 4 benefits of exercise and activity in regards to reducing cardiovascular disease risk?

Answer 15

1. Lowers BP
2. Reduces platelet aggregation
3. Raises HDL
4. Improves glucose metabolism

Question 16

___________ prevention is physical activity after a heart attack or stroke has occurred or for those who have already developed or are at very high risk for cardiovascular disease. The goal is to prevent further cardiac and vascular events or disability from the disease.

Answer 16

Secondary

Question 17

________ prevention minimizes disability, improves function, and improves quality of life after cardiovascular events or development of cardiovascular disease.

Answer 17

Tertiary

Ex: cardiac rehab

Question 18

In the early recovery period following a cardiac event (the second week), the goal is to walk ____ to ____ minutes and perform nonresistive range of motion.

Answer 18

5 to 10

Question 19

During early recovery from an acute event and in the initial stages of an exercise program, an increase of ____ beats per minute above resting heart rate may be used as a guideline for the progression of activity.

Answer 19

20

Question 20

What are the 3 phases of cardiac rehab?

Answer 20

1. Inpatient - to prevent or reduce deconditioning effects; provide education and discharge
2. Outpatient - exercise prescription with medical supervision and EKG; continue education
3. Maintenance program - exercise is continued in a supervised but unmonitored setting

Question 21

A drop in systolic blood pressure or heart rate with increasing exercise effort may signal ______ or ______.

Answer 21

Ischemia or failure

Question 22

Type of prevention that promotes health and delays or prevents disease in the general population. Occurs before clinical indications of disease develop.

Answer 22

Primary prevention

Ex: education, public law, and policy