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Large Animal Anatomy Midterm > Ruminant Stomach lecture > Flashcards

Ruminant Stomach lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four compartments of the cow stomach?

A
  • reticulum
  • rumen
  • omasum
  • abomasum
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2
Q

How many compartments does a llama have?

A

3

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3
Q

Why is it advantageous to develop a compound stomach?

A

Provide an upper digestive tract capable of promoting fermentative organisms.
Microflora produce and enzyme that can digest and use low quality feed

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4
Q

Where will the rumen be?

A

Left side

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5
Q

Where is the reticulum?

A

Most cranial L side

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6
Q

where is the omasum?

A

cranially R side and caudal to reticulum

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7
Q

where is the abomasum?

A

R ventral floor caudal to xiphoid region

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8
Q

What compartment increases with/development post-birth? Which one gets smaller in comparison?
Why?

A

Rumen
abomasum
Switch from milk to forage feed

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9
Q

What do grooves of the rumen do?

A

Carry nutrient vessels and n.s; protection

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10
Q

What do the pillars of the rumen do?

A

Compartmentalize contents

“Bones of the Rumen”=support to help contraction

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11
Q

What is the significance of rumenal sacs?

A

Have different mucosal pappillae

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12
Q

What are the VFAs produced in the ruman?

A

acetate
proprionate
butyrate

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13
Q

Where in the rumen is there less papillae? Why?

A

Dorsal wall

gas chamber

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14
Q

What are the different sacs of the rumen?

A
  • cranial sac
  • dorsal sac
  • ventral sac
  • caudodorsal sac
  • caudoventral sac
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15
Q

what are the different pillars of the rumen?

A
  • cranial pillar
  • R longitudinal pillar
  • L longitudianl pillar
  • caudal pillar
  • dorsal coronary pillar
  • ventral coronary pillar
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16
Q

How does material enter the rumen?

A

rumenoreticular orifice

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17
Q

What surrounds the rumenoreticular orifice?

A

rumenoreticular fold

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18
Q

Where does material from the esophagus come into the rumen through?

A

caria

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19
Q

How does the reticulum communicate with the omasum?

A

reticulo-omasal orifice

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20
Q

What does the reticular/esophageal groove do?

A

Direct connection between esophageal cardia and the omasum.

bypasses the rumen

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21
Q

Where is the reticular groove? What makes it up?

A
  • R cranial wall from cardia to reticulo-omasal orifice

- 2 muscular folds that contract to form the groove

22
Q

What is the continuation of the reticular groove?

A

omasal groove

23
Q

Why is the omasal groove important?

A

Moves the milk directly to the abomasum by bypassing the rumen, reticulum, and omasum

24
Q

What does traumatic pericarditis/myocarditis entail/what causes it and where?

A

Something gets stuck in the reticulum and punctures it. Inflammation of peritoneal and pleural linings

25
Q

What is the word we should learn in anatomy for the Honeycomb compartment?

A

reticular crests

26
Q

“many plies” referes to what?

A

omasal laminae

27
Q

What structure in the omasum functions to increase absorptive surface area for water and VFAs?

A

omasal laminae

28
Q

What is the true glandular stomach?

A

abomasum

29
Q

Where is the torus pyloricus located?

A

In the abomasum

30
Q

How do things enter the abomasum?

A

Through the omasoabomasal orifice

31
Q

What is the main artery to supply the stomach?

A

celiac a.

32
Q

The splenic a. gives rise to what arteries in the stomach?

A

R ruminal a.
L ruminal a.
reticular a.

33
Q

L gastic a. suppllies what?

A

greater curvature of omasum and lesser curvature of the abomasum

34
Q

What is a branch off the L. gastric and what does it supply?

A

L gastroepiploic a. to other curvatures of omasum and abomasum

35
Q

What a. supplies the distal half of the abomasum?

A

hepatic a.

36
Q

What are the branches of the hepatic a. and where do the go to?

A
  • R gastric a. to lesser curve of abomasum

- R gastroepiploic a. to greater curve

37
Q

What nerve is vital for life? (in regard to the stomach)

A

vagus n.

38
Q

What innervates the rumen, visceral surfaces of reticulum and omasum, and the lesser curve of abomasum? Also the celiacomesenteric G/plexus.

A

dorsal vagal trunk

39
Q

What innervates parietal surface of the stomach?

A

ventral vagal trunk

40
Q

What is the vagus responsible for?

A 
ruminoreticular contractions
omasal contractions
eructation
regurgitation
reflex closure of reticular (gastric) groove
abomasal motility and secretion
41
Q

Where does the greater omentum attached to on both sides?

A

descending duodenum on R side
caudal part of rumen on L side
ALSO on greater curve of abomasum

42
Q

What is the only communication area between sup and deep greater omentum?

A

epiploic foramen

43
Q

What is the superficial leaf of the greater omentum attached to?

A

L longitudinal groove laterally and the greater curve of abomasum cranially

44
Q

Where does the deep leaf of the greater omentum attach?

A

R longitudinal groove of rumen

45
Q

What sits in the omental bursa?

A

ventral sac of rumen

46
Q

What structures rests on the dorsal surface of the deep leaf of the greater omentum?

A

small intestines and spiral colon

47
Q

The omental bursa opens caudally and holds most of the intestines. What is this space called?

A

supraomental recess

48
Q

Where is the lesser omentum attached?

A

liver, R side of omasum, lesser curve of abomasum

49
Q

What are the specialized parts of the ascending colon?

A

proximal loop, spiral loop, distal loop

50
Q

What is the difference in gross appearance from the proximal and distal loops of the ascending colon? (note that they run right next to each other)

A

proximal loop is S shaped and has fat on the surface

distal loop is smooth

51
Q

After the abomasum, what is the route to the anus?

A

small intestines>cecum>ascending colon (proximal, spiral, distal loops), transverse colon, descending colon, rectum

Large Animal Anatomy Midterm (6 decks)

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