Lungs

Question 1

Double layered membranous sac that surrounds each lung

Answer 1

Parietal pleura

Question 2

Adheres the parietal pleura to the thoracic walls

Answer 2

Endothoracic fascia

Question 3

Lines internal surface of the thoracic wall

Answer 3

Costal pleura

Question 4

Lines the lateral aspects of the mediastinum

Answer 4

Mediastinal pleura

Question 5

Lines the superior surface of the diaphragm

Answer 5

Diaphragmatic pleura

Question 6

Coverse the apex of the lung and extends into the nect

Answer 6

Cervical pleura

Question 7

Innervates the parietal pleura

Answer 7

Phrenic nerve and intercostal nerve

Question 8

Inner layer of the pleural sac that completely covers the lung and lung root

Answer 8

Visceral pleura

Question 9

Potential space b/t the visceral and parietal pleura

Answer 9

Pleural cavity

Question 10

Potential spaces not filled byt the lungs during normal breathing

Answer 10

Pleural recesses

Question 11

Potential space b/t the costal and disaphragmatic pleurae that may arise during expiration

Answer 11

Costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 12

Potential space b/t costat and mediastinal parts of the parietal pleura

Answer 12

Costomediastinal recess

Question 13

Hypodermic needle is inserted thru the intercostal space into the pleural cavity

Answer 13

Thoracentesis

Question 14

What intercostal spaces would allow a thoracentesis to avoid the inferior border of the lung?

Answer 14

8th/9th/10th spaces

Question 15

Where are chest tubes inserted?

Answer 15

5th or 6th intercostal space

Question 16

What attaches the lungs to the thoracic body?

Answer 16

root and pulmonary ligaments

Question 17

Surfaces of the lungs

Answer 17

Costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic

Question 18

Where is the lung most vulnerable

Answer 18

the base of the neck at its apex, possibly during central venous access

Question 19

Concave inferior surface of the lung that rests on the dome of the diaphragm

Answer 19

Base

Question 20

Location where structures enter/exit the lung

Answer 20

Hilum

Question 21

Structures that enter/exit the lung at the hilum

Answer 21

Root of the lungs

Question 22

Parts of the root of the lungs

Answer 22

Bronchi, pulmonary vessels, bronchial vessels, pulmonary nerve plexus, lymphatics

Question 23

Organization of the vessels of the root of the lungs

Answer 23

Artery: superior, veins: anterior and inferior, bronchi: posterior and central

Question 24

When does the bronchi extend over the pulmonary artery?

Answer 24

Superior lobar bronchus of the right lung

Question 25

Mesentery of the lung surrounding the root where visceral and parietal pleurea are continuous

Answer 25

Pleural sleeve

Question 26

Lobes in each lung

Answer 26

Right: 3, Left: 2

Question 27

Separates the superior and inferior lobes

Answer 27

Oblique fissure

Question 28

Separates the superior and middle lobes

Answer 28

Horizontal fissure

Question 29

Indentation in the left superior lobe due to the apex of the heart

Answer 29

Cardiac notch

Question 30

Thin, tongue-like process extending from the superior lobe, below the cardiac notch

Answer 30

Lingula

Question 31

When does the trachea begin?

Answer 31

C6 vertebral level

Question 32

When does the trachea bifurcate?

Answer 32

Sternal angle, T4/5

Question 33

Sharp ridge of cartilage inside the trachea at its bifurcation

Answer 33

Carina

Question 34

What is a sign of cancer metastasis?

Answer 34

Carina is disorted/widened/immoble, it is a sign that inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes may be involved

Question 35

Path of right main bronchus

Answer 35

Wider, shorter, runs more vertically into the hilum

Question 36

Path of left main bronchus

Answer 36

Passes inferolateral, inferior to arch of aorta, anterior to esophagus and thoracic aorta

Question 37

Divisions of the bronchi

Answer 37

Lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, bronchopulmonary segments

Question 38

Divisions of the bronchioles

Answer 38

Conducting, terminal, respiratory, alveoli

Question 39

Basic unit of gas exchange in the lung

Answer 39

Alveoli

Question 40

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lung

Answer 40

Pulmonary arteries

Question 41

Where do the pulmonary arteries arise?

Answer 41

from the pulmonary trunk at the sternal angle

Question 42

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Answer 42

Pulmonary veins

Question 43

Supplies blood to non alveolar lung tissue

Answer 43

bronchial arteries

Question 44

Where does the lymph from the lungs drain into?

Answer 44

Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes

Question 45

Where do the bronchopulmonary nodes drain towards?

Answer 45

Tracheobrohnchial nodes

Question 46

Where does the lung lymph ultimately drain into?

Answer 46

Right lympatic duct or thoracic duct

Question 47

Where do most cases of bronchogenic carcinoma arise?

Answer 47

Mucosa of the large bronchi

Question 48

What innervates the lungs?

Answer 48

Pulmonary plexus (autonomic)

Question 49

Parasympathetic innervation of the lungs

Answer 49

Vagus nerves synapse on the pulmonary plexus, passiing posterior to the root, and regulate bronchoconstriction

Question 50

Sympathetic innervation of the lungs

Answer 50

Originate in the IML (T1-5), synpase with the cardiosplanchnic nerves to the pulmonary plexus , regulates bronchdilation via inhibition of parasymp.