8: Central Nervous System Pt. 2

Question 1

master regulator of circadian rhythms. nuclei located bilaterally within the anterior hypothalamus that contain 20,000 “clock cells”

Answer 1

suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)

Question 2

________ is activated by a population of retinal ganglion cells that contain their own light-sensitive pigment, _____

Answer 2

retinohypothalamic tracts, melanopsin

Question 3

complex networks of negative feedback loops that suppress these gene transcriptions after a delay, resulting in circadian oscillations of gene activity

Answer 3

circadian clock genes

Question 4

the SCN indirectly influences the secretions of the anterior pituitary, entraining the ______ to produce circadian rhythms in the secretion of _____

Answer 4

adrenal glands, cortisol

Question 5

melatonin receptors in the ________ suggests that melatonin may influence the secretion of ______

Answer 5

pancreatic islets, insulin

Question 6

the secretion of melatonin from the _______ is highest at night because of the regulation by the SCN via ______.

Answer 6

pineal gland, sympathetic nerves

Question 7

located between diencephalon and the pons. controls visual reflexes and auditory reflexes

Answer 7

mesencephalon, or midbrain

Question 8

two dopaminergic systems within the midbrain

Answer 8

nigrostriatal system and mesolimbic system

Question 9

nigrostriatal system projects from the ______ to the corpus striatum of the basal nuclei, and is required for _________. degeneration of these fibers produces _______.

Answer 9

substantia nigra, motor coordination, Parkinson’s Disease