Exchange and Transport in Animals

Question 1

Definition of Arteries

Answer 1

Transport blood away from the heart and to organs

Question 2

Definition of Capillaries

Answer 2

Tiny vessels, with walls only one cell thick. provide the site of diffusion. e.g. oxogen and carbon dioxide

Question 3

What is plasma

Answer 3

The straw coloured liquid which transports carbon dioxide and glucose around the body

Question 4

What are red blood cells

Answer 4

They are cells which transport oxogen around the body. They contain lots of haemoglobin and have a large surface are for rapid absorption.

Question 5

What are phagocytes

Answer 5

The white blood cells which engulf bacteria and digest them by using strong enzymes.

Question 6

What are Lymphocytes

Answer 6

The white blood cells which release antibodies or antitoxins which help destroy pathogens.

Question 7

What is respiration

Answer 7

The chemical reaction which produces energy in the form of ATP from glucose and sometimes oxygen

Question 8

Definition of the circulatory system

Answer 8

The circulatory system transports nutrients, hormones oxygen and other gasses from the cells

Question 9

Why do unicellular organisms not need a transport system.

Answer 9

Because it is unicellular, it will have a large surface to volume ratio. This means that it can absorb as much oxygen as possible due to it’s large surface area

Question 10

Definition of breathing

Answer 10

The moment of the ribs, rib muscles and diaphragm to allow air into and out of the lungs

Question 11

What is inhalation

Answer 11

Breathing in

Question 12

what is ventilation

Answer 12

The flow of air into and out of your lungs

Question 13

What is the role of collated epithet cells and goblet cells

Answer 13

The goblet cells produce and secrete mucus which traps any dust, dirt, bacteria. This is then trapped in the ciliated cells which have hairs that “waft” to one mucus back up trachea and out of thee lungs.

Question 14

When you inhale does the diaphragm muscle contract or rise

Answer 14

Contract

Question 15

How are the alveoli adapted to their function

Give 3

Answer 15

They have a large surface area to increase the rate of diffusion of oxygen into the blood.
Only one cell thick so a short diffusion path making gas exchange faster.
Moist surface as dissolved gasses defuse quicker.

Question 16

Give all the parts of a blood vessel

Answer 16

Outer layer
Muscle layer- arteries are thicker
Elastic layer
Endothelium- Smooth to prevent friction
Lumen- is the cavity, (hole)

Question 17

Haemoglobin + oxygen =

Answer 17

Oxiheamoglobin

Question 18

Give the structures of a capillary

Answer 18

No muscle
No elastic
No valves
Thin layers of cells only

Question 19

What do veins have to prevent the back flow of blood

Answer 19

Valves

Question 20

Why is the muscle of an artery so thick

Answer 20

Because there is high pressure with all the oxeye, were as for the veins there is no oxygen so there is less pressure.

Question 21

Why are the capillary’s walls so thick

Answer 21

So there is a short diffusion distance, more efficient

Question 22

As you exhale the pressure in your lungs….

Answer 22

Rises

Question 23

As you exhale the volume of the thorax….

Answer 23

Decreases

Question 24

As you inhale the diaphragm….

Answer 24

Flattens

Question 25

How are the red blood cells adapted to their function

Answer 25

Flattened and biconcave which causes an increase of surface area to volume ratio.
Lots of haemoglobin
No nucleus to make way for more haemoglobin