Year 8 Rocks

Question 1

Lithosphere

Answer 1

Is the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

Question 2

Magma

Answer 2

is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth.

Question 3

Lava

Answer 3

Lava is the molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption.

Question 4

Native Element

Answer 4

Native element minerals are those elements that occur in nature in uncombined form with a distinct mineral structure.

Question 5

Crystal

Answer 5

geometrically-shaped substance made up of atoms and molecules arranged in one of seven different shapes.

Question 6

MOHs Scale

Answer 6

The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is a qualitative ordinal scale characterizing scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of harder material to scratch softer material.

Question 7

Igneous Rocks

Answer 7

They are formed by the cooling of molten magma on the earth’s surface.

Question 8

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

Answer 8

Cooled above the earths crust

Question 9

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

Answer 9

Cooled under the earths crust

Question 10

Batholith

Answer 10

a very large igneous intrusion extending to an unknown depth in the earth’s crust.

Question 11

Erosion

Answer 11

is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that remove soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location to another

Question 12

Sediment

Answer 12

matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid

Question 13

Floodplain

Answer 13

an area of low-lying ground adjacent to a river, formed mainly of river sediments and subject to flooding.

Question 14

Sedimentary rock

Answer 14

Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth’s surface and within bodies of water.

Question 15

Coal

Answer 15

Coal is a flammable black hard rock used as a solid fossil fuel. It is mainly made up of 65-95% carbon and also contains hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen.

Question 16

Limestone

Answer 16

a hard sedimentary rock, composed mainly of calcium carbonate or dolomite, used as building material and in the making of cement.

Question 17

Metamorphic

Answer 17

A metamorphic rock is a result of a transformation of a pre-existing rock.

Question 18

Rock Cycle

Answer 18

.

Question 19

Mineral Ore

Answer 19

An ore is a type of rock that contains sufficient minerals with important elements including metals that can be economically extracted from the rock.

Question 20

Open Cut Mining

Answer 20

Open-pit, open-cast or open cut mining is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow.

Question 21

Underground Mining

Answer 21

techniques used to excavate hard minerals, mainly those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds.

Question 22

Palaeontologist

Answer 22

Someone who studies fossils

Question 23

Fossil

Answer 23

the remains or impression of a prehistoric plant or animal embedded in rock and preserved in petrified form.

Question 24

Trace Fossil

Answer 24

a fossil of a footprint, trail, burrow, or other trace of an animal rather than of the animal itself.

Question 25

Conglomerate Rocks

Answer 25

Is a coarse-grained clastic sedimentary rock that is composed of a substantial fraction of rounded to subangular gravel-size clasts, e.g., granules, pebbles, cobbles, and boulders.

Question 26

In which parts of the earth are Rocks formed

Answer 26

Rocks are formed in the crust and the top part of the mantle

Question 27

How are Igneous Rocks formed?

Answer 27

They are formed by the cooling of molten magma on the earth’s surface.

Question 28

The examples of extrusive Igneous Rocks

Answer 28

basalt, rhyolite, andesite, and obsidian

Question 29

What are sediments

Answer 29

matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid

Question 30

Three different ways that sedimentary Rocks can be formed

Answer 30

by the deposition of the weathered remains of other. by the accumulation and the consolidation of sediments. by the deposition of the results of biogenic activity.

Question 31

What is a parent rock

Answer 31

also referred to as substratum, refers to the original rock from which something else was formed.

Question 32

What characteristics of minerals do the following terms describe
A) lustre
B) streak
C) hardness

Answer 32

A) shine
B) trail left behind
C) how hard it is