Clinical anatomy of the lower limb Flashcards
What are the nerves important for bladder and bowel control ?
Pudendal nerves & pelvic splanchnic nerves
What arteries are susceptible to damage following an intracapsular hip fracture?
The retinacular arteries
The hip joint blood supply is susceptible to blockage from what ? which results in what ?
- Susceptible from blockage by - fat, thrommbus, nitrogen gas
- The end result of this blockage if not treated is AVN
What would cause trandelenburgs test to be positive ?
Damage to the superior gluteal nerve which supplies the gluteus medius and minimus (these muscles become paralysed) and these muscles have an important role in stabilising the pelvis during locomotion - hence the pelvic drop seen
What nerve are the quadricep muscles supplied by ?
The femoral nerve
What nerve is the hamstring muscles supplied by?
Sciatic nerve
What hamstring muscle can be used for ACL grafts ?
Semi-tendinous muscle
What nerve are the adductor muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh supplied by ?
Obturator nerve
Which menisci is more common to tear the medial (MM) or lateral menisci (LM) ?
The MM 9:1
What doe sthe MCL resist?
Resists valgus strain
What does the ACL resist ?
Resists internal rotation and anterior translation tibia
What does the PCL resist ?
P translation tibia or anterior translation tibia eg descending stairs
What does the LCL resist ?
Varus stress and helps to resist external rotation
What does genu varum or valgum increase the risk of ?
Increases the risk of medial or lateral OA
How can significant deformity in terms of alignment be in kids and in adults be treated ?
- In kids - can manipulate growth
- In adults - can perform osteotomy
