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LAM Respiratory > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is the resting pulmonary arterial pressure & exercise PAP:

A

Resting PAP: 25-30 mmHg

Exercise PAP: 125 - systemic pressure

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2
Q

What is the MABP for resting & exercise in the bronchial system:

A

Resting MABP: 100 mmHG

Exercise: 220 mmHg

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3
Q

The exercising horse is running hypoxemic so expect to see a arterial O2 of ______

A

65-75 mmHg intense exercise

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4
Q

In regards to oxygen tension, what is the pO2 of an animal breathing ambient air versus an animal during intense exercise.

A

At rest breathing ambient air -pO2= 100 mmHg

Intense exercise pO2= 65-70 mmHg

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5
Q 
Common things to assess on PE of a horse: 
1.
2.
3.
4.
A

Common things to assess on PE of a horse:

  1. Evaluate differential airflow in the nares
  2. Full auscultation –know landmarks
  3. Rebreath the animal to see if true pathology is present
  4. Thoracic percussion (rarely done)
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6
Q

Why is rebreathing done in horses?

A

Rebreathing the animal allows you to see if true pathology is present

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7
Q

T/F: Blood work (CBC, chemistries) is always done in all disease cases

A

FALSE– must know what you are looking for. If not, then you are wasting the clients money.

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8
Q

In regards to blood gas, is arterial or venous sample better to run if you suspect respiratory disease

A

Arterial stick for respiratory dz

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9
Q

Correct progressive order of respiratory structures from ROSTRAL to DISTAL

A 
Rostral
-- Nares
-- Nasal passage
-- Ethmoid 
-- Nasopharynx
-- Guttural pouch
-- Larynx
--Trachea 
Distal
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10
Q

What structure splits the guttural pouch into medial and lateral compartments

A

Styloid Hyoid

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11
Q

1 differential for sinusitis in horse

A

TOOTH ROOT ABSCESS =#1 differential for sinusitis in horse

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12
Q

4 views for thoracic rads

A

4 views for thoracic rads :

  1. Cranial
  2. Ventral
  3. Craniodorsal
  4. Caudodorsal
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13
Q

Diagnostic choice for Pulmonary Dz:

Diagnostic choice for Thoracic Dz:

A

Pulmonary Dz = Thoracic rads

Thoracic Dz = Ultrasound

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14
Q

US in a normal lung, what will show repeated equidistant white (echogenic) lines

A

Echo wave hitting air and bouncing back will cause repeated equidistant white (echogenic) lines on a normal horse lung

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15
Q

In a pleuropneumonia case, what would the lungs look like on ultrasound

A

Anechioc fluid with little to no echoes - transudate such as in non-septic( viral induced)

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16
Q

What special imaging is used mostly in research to evaluate ventilation or perfusion of the lung tissue

A

Nuclear Scintigraphy

17
Q

If you suspect local or focal/multifocal, which pulmonary sample evaluation would be best indicated:

A

TTW - local or focal

18
Q

If you suspect diffuse pulmonary dz, which pulmonary sample evaluation method would be indicated:

A

BAL – diffuse pulmonary dz

19
Q

Which sample allows you to look at cell types & culture: TTW or BAL

A

TTW – bc its a sterile procedure

20
Q

T/F: BAL is a sterile technique that allows you to culture the sample

A

FALSE– BAL is non-sterile procedure

21
Q

Name the location of a TTW:

A

Performed approximately at junction of middle and distal third of the neck
- above bifurcation of sternothyroideus muscle

22
Q

Indications for TTW:

A

Indications for TTW:

  1. Infectious Dz culture
  2. Pulmonary Dz
  3. Focal dz
23
Q 
Name 5 diagnostic procedures for Respiratory:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A

Name 5 diagnostic procedures for Respiratory:

  1. TTW
  2. BAL
  3. Thoracocentesis
  4. Lung aspirate
  5. Lung biopsy
24
Q

Term for use of rigid scope within thorax that requires inflation of thorax and thus collapses lung.

A

Pleuroscopy

25
Q

Is lower or upper airway dz associated with:

– mostly or purely INSPIRATORY component to difficulty or associated noise

A

Upper Airway dz

26
Q

Normal lung sounds on auscultation is characteristic of upper or lower airway dz

A

Lower Airway dz

27
Q

Symmetric airflow from nostrils with abnormal lungs sounds are characteristics of upper or lower airway dz:

A

Lower Airway dz

28
Q

Which characterizes which airway dz (upper vs lower)

  1. Inspiratory component =
  2. Expiratory component=
A

Which characterizes which airway dz (upper vs lower)

  1. Inspiratory component = Upper airway
  2. Expiratory component= Lower ariway
29
Q

If there is ONLY bilateral nasal discharge, would you suspect upper or lower airway dz:

A

Lower airway dz = bilateral only

30
Q

The following are characteristics of upper or lower airway dz:

    • upper, unilateral or bilateral discharge
    • mostly INSPIRATORY component to difficulty or associated noise
    • Normal lungs sounds
A

Upper Airway dz

31
Q

The following are characteristics of upper or lower airways dz:

    • Bilateral nasal discharge
    • symmetric airflow from nostrils (differential airflow)
    • mostly or purely expiratory component to difficulty and/or associated abnormal sounds.
    • abnormal lung sounds
A

Lower Airway dz

32
Q

Clicker: Bilateral nasal discharge can be associated to upper or lower respiratory dz

A

True

33
Q

Clicker: Cough is associated with upper and lower respiratory disease

A

True

34
Q

Clicker: Unilateral nasal discharge is associated with upper and lower respiratory dz:

A

False

– unilateral= upper only

35
Q

Clicker: A horse can manifest a neutrophilic leukocytosis and hyperfibrinogenemia with either upper or lower respiratory dz

A

True

    • neutrophilic leukocytosis + high fibrin = infectious dz.
    • basically this question is just asking if you can have an infectious dz with upper and lower dz
36
Q

Characteristics below are associated with infectious or non-infectious dz:

    • generally serous, maybe mucoid discharge if any.
  • -Normal temp, CBC, fibrin
A

Non-infectious dz

37
Q

Characteristics below are associated with infectious or non-infectious dz:

    • serous (viral), mucoid/mucopurulent/purulent discharge
  • -FEVER
    • Typically mature neutrophilic leukocytosis with hyperfibrinogenemia on CBC.
A

Infectious dz

38
Q

Clicker: A 2 yr old standardred gelding presents for a cough and nasal discharge. PE reveals fever, purulent nasal discharge, mild tachypnea and tachycardia, and normal thoracic auscultation. Which of the following best categorizes the disease in this horse:

  • -Noninfectious URT dz
  • -Infectious LRT dz
  • -Infectious URT dz
    • Noninfectious LRT dz
A

Infectious URT dz

    • purulent = infectious
    • normal thoracic auscultation= URT
    • fever
39
Q

Abnormal respiratory sounds on auscultation is characteristic of upper or lower airway dz

A

LOWER airways dz

LAM Respiratory (6 decks)

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