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APES > Energy Part 1 > Flashcards

Energy Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of energy?

A

The capacity to do work

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2
Q

What is the definition of power?

A

The rate of the flow of energy

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3
Q

What is the definition of calorie?

A

The energy used to heat 1 ml of water 1 degree celsius

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4
Q

What is the definition of joule?

A

It’s the unit for energy

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5
Q

What is the definition of kinetic energy?

A

Energy of motion

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6
Q

What is the definition of potential energy?

A

Stored energy

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7
Q

What is the definition of renewable energy?

A

Energy sources replenished by natural processes

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8
Q

What is the definition of non-renewable energy?

A

Materials that are available in fixed amounts (according to a human time frame)

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9
Q

What are fossil fuels?

A

Remains of living material that has decomposed

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10
Q

How does oil form?

A

Dead plankton is compacted in sand or mud

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11
Q

What is oil mostly used for?

A

Transportation and heating

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12
Q

Where is most of the world’s oil?

A

The Persian gulf

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13
Q

OPEC has what fraction of the world’s oil?

A

2/3

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14
Q

Current methods extract how much oil?

A

35%

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15
Q

What are the 3 main issues with using oil as an energy source?

A

Oil spills, pollution, foreign trade

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16
Q

Separation of crude oil is based on what?

A

Boiling points

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17
Q

What is the “cleaner” form of oil?

A

Propane

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18
Q

What is the “dirtier” form of oil?

A

Crude oil

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19
Q

What did the oil embargo in the 70s lead to?

A

Energy conservation and design efficiency

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20
Q

What are 3 reasons oil use is on the decline?

A

SUV popularity has gone down, ethanol blend requirements, increased use of natural gas

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21
Q

What is fusion?

A

The opposite of fission

22
Q

Where is fusion used?

A

Sun, h-bombs

23
Q

What is fusion’s fuel?

A

Deuterium and tritium

24
Q

Does fusion produce more or less energy than what is used?

A

Less

25
Q

How does active solar energy work?

A

PV cells convert solar energy to electric current by separating electrons from atoms

26
Q

Where do electrons go in active solar energy?

A

From the anion to the cation

27
Q

How does passive solar energy work?

A

Thermal mass/ energy storing material converts solar shortwaves to infrared long waves

28
Q

Where is passive solar most efficient?

A

South facing windows with a roof overhang

29
Q

How does concentrated/ high temp solar power work?

A

Parabolic mirrors concentrate energy on central intense point

30
Q

Where does methane hydrate come from?

A

CH4 molecules trapped in ice

31
Q

1m of CH4 makes how much natural gas?

A

164m

32
Q

Where is methane hydrate found?

A

Permafrost, ocean floor

33
Q

What is an advantage of methane hydrate?

A

It’s an abundant source of natural gas

34
Q

What’s a disadvantage of methane hydrate?

A

It encourages climate change

35
Q

How is ethanol produced?

A

By the anaerobic digestion of sugary plants

36
Q

Which 2 plants are commonly grown for ethanol?

A

Corn and sugarcane

37
Q

Why are 2 pros of ethanol?

A

Reduces CO emissions, renewable

38
Q

What are 4 disadvantages of ethanol?

A

Lower mpg efficiency, habitat loss, monoculture, CO2 emissions

39
Q

Where is biodiesel from?

A

Veggie oil/ waste fat

40
Q

How is biodiesel made?

A

Oil is combined with methanol and creates fatty acid methylesters and glycerol

41
Q

What are 3 pros of biodiesel?

A

Nontoxic, biodegradable, no sulfur emissions

42
Q

What are 2 cons of biodiesel?

A

More NOx emissions, viscosity issues in cold weather

43
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom with a weird number of electrons

44
Q

What is a cathode?

A

Positive electrode

45
Q

What is an anode?

A

Negative electrode

46
Q

How do fuel cells work?

A

Negative electrons travel from the anode to cathode

47
Q

What is the fuel for fuel cells?

A

Hydrogen

48
Q

What is the waste from fuel cells?

A

Pure water

49
Q

What are 3 pros of fuel cells?

A

Small, efficient, no greenhouse gases

50
Q

What is a disadvantage of fuel cells?

A

Hydrogen is flammable

APES (13 decks)

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