22 - Pancreatic Hormones

Question 1

What hormones are secreted by Pancres?

Answer 1

Insulin and Glucagon

Question 2

What are the 2 types of tissue found in the pancreas?

Answer 2

Acini and

Islets of Langerhans (alpha beta delta)

Question 3

Which type of cells control Insulin and amylin

Answer 3

Beta cells of Islets

Question 4

Which type of cell control glucagon release?

Answer 4

Alpha cells of Islets (when are low)

Question 5

Which type of cell control somatostatin release?

Answer 5

Delta cells

Question 6

How is glucagon secretion controlled?

Answer 6

Amylin inhibts Insulin
Insulin inhibit glucagon
somatostatin inhibit Insulin and glucagon

Question 7

How can glucagon affect the body?

Answer 7

Inc glycogeno-lysis - liver

Inc Gluconeogenesis - liver

Question 8

What other organs/effects does glucagon have?

Answer 8

Inc heart stregth
Inc blood flow Kidneys
Inc bile secretion
Stop gastric juices

Question 9

How can we also stimulate glucagon secretion?

Answer 9

With high [ ] of A.A

Glucagon will convert excess A.A to make gluc for tissues

Question 10

When do we notice somatostatins level to be inc?

Answer 10

Inc glycemia
Inc a.a
Inc f.a

Question 11

How does somatostatin work?

Answer 11

Its inhibitory…
it will act locally for islets selts stoping insuling and glucagon
Slow movement of stomach etc
Dec secretion / absorbtion in G.I.T

Question 12

How does somatostattin work?

Answer 12

It inhibits hypothal ant G.H secretion

Question 13

Role of insulin by it not being there =

Answer 13

Hypergylcemia.. acidosis.. etc

Question 14

Synthesis of Insulin

Answer 14

Pre-proinsulin made in ER

Cleaved to Proinsulin in Golgi

Question 15

Where does Insulin bind

Answer 15

To InsulinR

Which has 2 alpha 2 beta.. and it causes autophosphorylation of Tyr.K

Question 16

Where does insulin not bind to R?

Answer 16

It will bind muscles/adipocytes but NOT neurons in the brain

Question 17

How does glucose cause the uptake in liver?

Answer 17

1) Enzymatic stimulation causing glycogen synthase
2) Liver phosphorylase inactivation
3) Glucose uptake

Question 18

How does insulin affect Gluco-neogenesis

Answer 18

Dec enzymes that would causes it

or decrease the release of a.a for it to start making glucose

Question 19

Why doesn’t the brain need insulin?

Answer 19

It is permeable to glucose

Question 20

How does insulin affect fat storage?

Answer 20

Insulin inc. usage of gluocse
Decrease break down of fat
Promote synthesis of fat ( convert excess in liver)

Question 21

Why do we need to prevent hyperglycemia?

Answer 21

If you have inc gluc

1) it inc osmotic P in ECF => dehydration
2) You loose gluc in urine.. leads to loss of fluid
3) Inc gluc longterm = tissue damage

Question 22

What are the effects of insulin on genes?

Answer 22

It promots protein synthesis and storage
Fxn insulin:
-> Transports A.A into cells
-> Promote translation of mRNA 
->Inc transcription of selective genes
-> stops breakdown of proteins 
-> Decrease liver gluconeogenesis

Question 23

What amino acid is able to stimulate insulin secretion?

Answer 23

Lysine and Arginine

Question 24

Gives 4 names of hormones that have an effect on mechanism of insulin

Answer 24

G.H
Cortisol
Glucagon
Epi

Question 25

If you have epinephrine release it:

Answer 25

Increase glycemia