1 Kidney Intro

Question 1

What’s the functional unit of the kidney used to filter blood and make urine?

Answer 1

Nephron

Question 2

Urine collects in the ____ then drains into _______ and ureter

Answer 2

Papilla; renal pelvis

Question 3

What are the two MAIN functions of the renal system?

Answer 3

Regulation of water balance

Maintain normal electrolyte concentrations and content

Question 4

What’s the formula for water balance?

Answer 4

Water intake + metabolic water = renal excretion + GI excretion + evaporation

Question 5

What kind of Nephrons have a short Loop of Henle, mostly stays out of medulla?

Answer 5

Cortical (superficial) nephrons

Question 6

What kind of Nephron has a long Loop of Henle, can go down into the papilla?

What specialized peritubular capillary do they have?

Answer 6

Juxtamedullary Nephron.

Vasa Recta

Question 7

Where does the nephron’s blood supply come from, what two sources?

Answer 7

Glomerular capillaries

Peritubular capillaries

Question 8

Where does the first step of urine formation take place? Can control diameter of each arteriole

Answer 8

Glomerular Capillaries

Fed by AFFerent arteriole, drained by EFFerent. (EF=EXITS)

Question 9

What are normal capillaries fed by efferent arterioles? They wrap around nephron and required for reabsorption and secretion

Answer 9

Peritubular Capillaries

Question 10

What part of urine formation describes whats removed from the body via urine?

Answer 10

EXCRETION

LEAVING BODY!!

Question 11

What part of urine formation moves solutes/water across tubular fluid back into blood?

Answer 11

Reabsorption

Question 12

What part of urine formation moves solutes from blood into the tubular fluid?

Answer 12

SECRETION

Stays in body.

Blood—>tubular fluid

Question 13

What’s the FIRST step in urine production?

Answer 13

FILTRATION

Question 14

Almost everything is reabsorbed in the _______

Answer 14

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 15

What segment of the nephron deals with the reabsorption and dilution of urine?

Answer 15

Loop of Henle

Question 16

The ________ loop of henle deals with water reabsorption and NO solute movement.

While the ________ loop has solute reabsorption and no water movement

Answer 16

Descending

Ascending

Question 17

What part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus senses tubular flow and renal blood flow?

Answer 17

Macula densa

Question 18

What part of the nephron is involve with the fine-tuning or urine solute amounts, site of pH balancing and involves Thiazide diuretics?

Answer 18

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 19

What nephron segment involves regulation of water reabsorption and FINAL control of urine osmolarity? Site of anti-diuretic hormone

Answer 19

Collecting ducts

Question 20

(TP) Glucose is removed from the tubular fluid by active transport and returned to the blood. This is an example of what kind of renal process?

A. Filtration
B. Secretion
C. Reabsorption
D. Excretion

Answer 20

C. Reabsorption

Question 21

(TP) In periods of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) like in Diabetes Mellitus, some filtered glucose is lost to the urine. This is an example of what kind of renal process?

A. Filtration
B. Secretion
C. Reabsorption
D. Excretion

Answer 21

D. Excretion

Question 22

(TP) The most water is reabsorbed in which segment of the nephron?

A. Proximal Convoluted Tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Distal Convoluted Tubule
D. Collecting Ducts

Answer 22

A. Proximal Convoluted Tubule