Shock Flashcards
What is shock?
Clinical syndrome of tissue hypoperfusion due to circulatory failure
List some consequences of tissue hypoperfusion
Systemic acidosis
Thrombosis
Necrosis
What are the immediate signs of tissue hypoperfusion>
Mottled, clammy skin
Acute confusional state
Reduced urine output
What is the mechanism behind cardiogenic shock?
Reduced stroke volume + force of contraction, thus reduced cardiac output and mean arterial blood pressure
How does the body try to compensate for cardiogenic shock?
Increase vascular resistance (vasoconstriction), resulting in cool clammy peripheries
What is the mechanism behind obstructive shock?
Obstruction to cardiac outflow
What clinical signs might be seen in obstructive shock?
Raised JVP
Distended neck veins
List some causes of obstructive shock
Aneurysm
Pulmonary embolism
Tension pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade
What is the mechanism behind hypovolaemic shock?
Reduced blood volume/lower venous return to heart, causing decreased cardiac output and reduced force of contraction (Frank-Starling law)
List some causes of hypovolaemic shock
Haemorrhage/bleeding Dehydration Trauma Burns Diabetic ketoacidosis
What is the mechanism behind distributive shock?
Reduced systemic vascular resistance due to vasodilation, causing reduced mean arterial blood pressure
How does the body try to compensate for distributive shock?
Increase in cardiac output
Vasodilation causes warm, red peripheries
List some causes of distributive shock
Inflammation (infection, sepsis)
Anaphylaxis
Spinal cord injury
