6: Malnutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is malnutrition?

A

Excess, deficiency or imbalance of nutrition causing measurable adverse effects on health

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2
Q

A large proportion of patients admitted to hospital are at risk of ___.

A

malnutrition

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3
Q

Patients with atrophied muscle due to malnutrition are more likely to develop which complication of a hospital stay?

A

Pressure ulcers

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4
Q

What can infection lead to in patients with malnutrition?

A

Sepsis

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5
Q

Malnutrition is ___ in the short term but ___ in the long term.

A

adaptive

harmful

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6
Q

What is anorexia?

A

Loss of appetite

not to be confused with anorexia nervosa which is the eating disorder

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7
Q

Why can intestinal diseases like Crohn’s and Coeliac disease cause malnutrition?

A

Impaired digestion & absorption of nutrients

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8
Q

Why may cells have increased nutritional requirements which, unmet, causes malnutrition?

A

Cancer (increased metabolic demand)

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9
Q

Elderly people at risk of malnutrition tend to have low __ levels.

A

Vitamin

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10
Q

Which plasma protein tends to be low in patients who are malnourished?

A

Albumin

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11
Q

Eating food / snacks / sip feeds

Delivery of nutrition through a tube directly into the gut

Delivery of nutrition intravenously

Name each type of nutrition.

A

Oral nutrition

Enteral nutrition

Parenteral nutrition

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12
Q

Under which BMI should patients receive nutritional support?

A

< 18.5

(or < 20.0 AND weight loss of 5% in past 6 months)

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13
Q

A patient should be considered for nutritional support if they’ve lost __% of their body weight within 6 months.

A

10%

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14
Q

If a patient is unlikely to eat for _ days or longer, they should be considered for nutritional support.

A

5

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15
Q

What are some examples of oral nutritional supplements?

A

Sip feeds

Powders

Puddings

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16
Q

Which type of nutrition involves delivery via a tube into the stomach, duodenum or jejunum?

A

Enteral nutrition

17
Q

Name three kinds of enteral feeding tube.

A

Nasogastric (NG)

Nasoduodenal (ND)

Nasojejunal (NJ)

18
Q

What are the indications for enteral feeding?

A

Patient is unable to take food/drink orally

BUT their GI tract works

19
Q

What are some contraindications for enteral feeding?

A

GI obstruction

Severe diarrhoea or vomiting

Proximal fistula

Intestinal ischaemia

20
Q

What is parenteral nutrtion?

A

Delivery of nutrition through a vein

21
Q

Parenteral nutrition involves feeding through (central / peripheral) veins.

A

haha got you

both

22
Q

What are the indications for parenteral nutrition?

A

Unable to take in food orally and/or enterally

Non-functioning GI tract

23
Q

The ___ ___ of patients varies depending on their age and the illness they have.

A

energy requirement

24
Q

What syndrome can be caused by excessive feeding following malnutrition?

Why does it occur?

A

Refeeding syndrome

Imbalances in fluids and electrolytes which causes cell/organ damage

25
Q

By which feeding methods is refeeding syndrome likely to occur?

A

Parenteral/enteral nutrition

tends not to occur orally due to appetite

26
Q

Why do cells fail when a malnourished person is fed too quickly?

A

Electrolyte imbalance

27
Q

In malnutrition, which elements of the diet aren’t absorbed properly?

A

Protein

Carbohydrate

Fats

Vitamins

Minerals

28
Q

Which metal ion is low in patients with malnutrition?

A

Zinc

29
Q

Refeeding syndrome is associated with (low / high) levels of electrolytes.

A

low

e.g hypokalaemia, hypophosphataemia, hypomagnesaemia