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COMLEX STEP 1 2017 > Behavioral Science > Flashcards

Behavioral Science Flashcards

1
Q

What technique is used to communicate an accurate medication list given to a pt in the emergency room who is then transferred to the icu?

A

Medication reconciliation

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2
Q

What is the equation for Odds Ratio

A

(A/C)/(B/D)

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3
Q

What is the equation for Relative Risk

A

(A/A+B)/(C/C+D)

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4
Q

What is the equation for Attributable Risk

A

(A/A+B) - (C/C+D)

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5
Q

What is the equation for Relative Risk Reduction

A

1-RR

RR = (A/A+B)/(C/C+D)

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6
Q

What is the equation for Absolute Risk reduction

A

ARR = (C/C+D) - (A/A+B)

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7
Q

What is the equation for Number Needed to Treat

A

NNT = 1/ARR

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8
Q

What is the equation for Number Needed to harm

A

NNH = 1/AR

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9
Q

What type of bias is Case controlled studies especially susceptible to?

A

Recall Bias - retrospective data collection

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10
Q

What is it called when a person under study changes their behavior because they know they are being observed?

A

Hawthorne Effect

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11
Q

What is it called when a physician is paid a contracted rate for each member assigned regardless of the number or nature of services provided?

A

Capitation

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12
Q

What is the Power of a clinical study? What else can be calculated from this

A 
Power = 1-Beta
Beta = probability a type II error has occured
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13
Q

Which court case set the precedent for obtaining informed consent?

A

Schloendorff v Society of New York Hospital

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14
Q

What does Medicare:
1. part A
2. part B
pay for?

A
  1. inpatient hospital care, skilled nursing, hospice, some home health care
  2. Outpatient care, physical therapy, occupational therapy
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15
Q

25 year old presents with complaints of HA, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, urinary frequency. BP 180/100. labs shows hypokalemia, elevated renin, aldosterone.
Kidney biopsy: monotonous polygonal cells with entrapped normal tubules.

A

Juxtaglomerular cell tumor

  • -rare kidney tumor that affects adolescents and young adults
  • grossly, tumor is well circumscribed with fibrous capsule, yellow/gray-tan color and frequent hemorrhage.

tumor cells stain positive for renin, vimentin, CD34

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16
Q

What is the histological appearance of PSGN? Immunofluorescence?

A

enlarge hypercellular glomeruli with subepithelial humps

IF: IgG, C3 deposits in diffuse granular pattern “starry sky”

PMN present in large numbers

17
Q

which test is used to compare the means of two normally distributed populations?

A

t-test

18
Q

Which test can be used to determine if there is different in the mean between three or more groups of normally distributed populations?

A

ANOVA

19
Q

What is the immunological sequence of events in the mechanism of an asthma attack?

A

initial stimulation causes CD4 Th2 cells to release IL-4 to stimulate IgE production and IL-5 to activate eosinophils.

20
Q

What is the most appropriate initial monotherapy for Community acquired pneumonia (S. pneumo, H influ, M catarrhalis) in the inpatient setting?

outpatient?

A 
Doxycycline or
respiratory quinolones (levofloxacin)

outpt: azithromycin

21
Q

Husband refuses an emergency C-section for this unconscious wife that will save her/her child’s life. You can override his decision based on which principle?

A

Paternalism - when patient/surrogate decision maker are deemed unreasonable or dangerous to patient.

22
Q

What is are the advantages and disadvantages of Case-control studies

A

advantage - require few subjects, can be used to study rare diseases

disadvantages - make it difficult to make conclusions about correlations

23
Q

What is the technique:
testing to identify sample RNA:
RNA is cut into fragments by endonucleases, electrophoresed on gel and transferred to a filter. filter is soaked in denaturant and exposed to DNA probe

A

Northern Blot

24
Q

What is the type of bias called where the outcome of a study is affected by the researchers personal beliefs of the efficacy of a treatment?

A

Pygmalion effect

25
Q

What is the ethical principle behind continuing morphine administration to a dying patient in spite of sedation and respiratory depression?

A

Double-effect

26
Q

what is the most common cause of death during the age of 45-64?

A

Malignancies

27
Q

What is the most common cause of death 65+?

A

Heart disease

COMLEX STEP 1 2017 (19 decks)

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