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Science > Chemistry And Physics Gr.10 June > Flashcards

Chemistry And Physics Gr.10 June Flashcards

1
Q

What is a pulse?

A

A single disturbance through a medium.

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2
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The maximum disturbance of a particle from its rest position.

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3
Q

What is a transverse pulse?

A

A vibration causes particles of a medium to move at right angles to the direction of propagation of the pulse.

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4
Q

What is superposition of pulses.

A

The addition of the disturbances of the two pulses that occupy the same space at the same time.

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5
Q

What is constructive interference?

A

Two crests/ troughs meet and their amplitudes reinforce each other and the total amplitude is the sum of the individual amplitudes.

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6
Q

What is destructive interference?

A

One crest and one trough meet and cancel each other out if they have equal amplitudes.

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7
Q

What are transverse waves?

A

A succession of transverse pulses in the medium travel at right angles to the direction of propagation of the wave.

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8
Q

What term describes the motion of particles in a medium when a wave passes them?

A

The particles oscillate

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9
Q

What is a wavelength?

A

The distance between two consecutive points that are in phase.
Measured in metres.

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10
Q

What is a period?

A

The time it takes for one full cycle.

Measured in seconds.

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11
Q

What is a frequency?

A

The number of vibration cycles per second.

Measured in Hertz.

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12
Q

Who discovered that atoms contain protons and electrons?

A

Thomson

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13
Q

Who discovered that electrons move in electron clouds?

A

Schrödinger

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14
Q

Who discovered that elements are made from atoms?

A

Dalton

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15
Q

Who discovered that electrons move around nuclei in orbits and energy levels?

A

Bohr

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16
Q

Who discovered that atoms consist of mostly empty space?

A

Rutherford

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17
Q

What did Schroedinger discover?

A

Electrons move in electron clouds.

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18
Q

What did Dalton discover?

A

Elements are made from atoms

Atoms of the same element are the same

Atoms can form compounds

Atoms can’t be created/ divided destroyed

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19
Q

What did Broglie discover?

A

Electrons have wave-like properties.

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20
Q

What did Thomson discover?

A

Atoms contain positive and negative particles.

Negative particles are embedded in a positively charged area

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21
Q

What did Bohr discover?

A

Electrons move around the nucleus in orbits/shells and energy levels

Electrons have amounts of energy

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22
Q

What did Rutherford discover?

A

Atoms consist mostly of empty space

Protons exist in the centre of atoms

Electrons around the outside

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23
Q

What experiment did Rutherford use to prove that atoms consist mostly of empty space?

A

The gold foil experiment.

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24
Q

Why are electrons not used to calculate atomic mass?

A

Their mass is so small that it’s NEGLIGIBLE.

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25
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

The average mass of all the atoms of that element, taking into account all the isotopes.

26
Q

What is electron configuration?

A

The way electrons are arranged around the nucleus.

27
Q

What are two states of electrons?

A

Excited state and ground state

28
Q

What happens when an excited electron falls back to its ground state?

A

The same energy as what was absorbed is released as light.

29
Q

What are core electrons?

A

The number of electrons in the inner energy level of an atom.

30
Q

What are the electrons in the last energy level of an atom called?

A

Valence electrons

31
Q

What are ions?

A

Charged particles

32
Q

Give another name for group 1 and give its chemical properties.

A

Alkali metals

Low densities, good conductors, alkaline solutions in water, react with water
Down group: hardness decreases, mpt decreases, reactivity increases

33
Q

Give another name for group 2 and give its chemical properties.

A

Alkali earth metals

Less reactive than group 1, silvery, alkaline solutions in water, form solid oxides
Down group: reactivity increases

34
Q

Give another name for group 17 and give its chemical properties.

A

Halogens

Diatomic, low mpts and bpts
Down group: reactivity decreases, mpts/bpts increase

35
Q

Give another name for group 18 and give its chemical properties.

A

Noble gases

Unreactive
Down group: bpts decrease

36
Q

What is the name of the middle block of the periodic table?

A

Transition metals

37
Q

Give another name for groups 1 and 2

A

The s-block

38
Q

Give another name for groups 13-18

A

The p-block

39
Q

What is valency?

A

The number of electrons that an atom must gain, lose or share to achieve the stability of a noble gas.

40
Q

What is density?

A

The type of bonds between the atoms of an element determines the density of an element at room temperature.

41
Q

What pattern does the periodic table show for density?

A

Density increases down a group

42
Q

What pattern does the periodic table show for mpts and bpts?

A

For metals: increases across periods

For non-metals: decreases across periods

C and Si have very high mpts and bpts

43
Q

What is an atomic radius?

A

The distance between the nucleus and the last orbital

44
Q

What pattern does the periodic table show for atomic radius?

A

Increases down group

Decreases across period

45
Q

What is ionisation energy?

A

The amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom.

46
Q

Which group has the highest ionisation energy?

A

Noble gases

47
Q

What pattern does the periodic table show for ionisation energy?

A

Increases across period

Decreases down a group

48
Q

What is electron affinity?

A

The ability of an atom to accept one or more electrons. (Know but not part of def.: Metals lose electrons and non-metals gain electrons when they react)

49
Q

What pattern does the periodic table show for electron affinity?

A

Increases across a period

50
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

The tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself and form a negative ion.

51
Q

What pattern does the periodic table show for electronegativity?

A

Increases across a period

Decreases down a group

52
Q

What are the colours of the following elements?

Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine

A

Fluorine. Yellowish

Chlorine Greenish

Bromine. Brown-orange

Iodine Purplish

53
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

When one or more electrons are transferred from a metal atom to a non-metal atom.

54
Q

What do you call a:

Metal that forms an ion?
Non-metal that forms an ion?

A

Metal that forms an ion: cation

Non-metal that forms an ion: anion

55
Q

What do you call the structure that ions are packed into?

A

A crystal lattice

56
Q

What holds ions together?

A

Electrostatic forces

57
Q

Why do ions have high melting points?

A

Their electrostatic forces are very strong. It takes a lot of energy to overcome these forces.

58
Q

What is metallic bonding?

Maybe double check def. by looking in text book

A

The chemical bond between atoms of the same element.

59
Q

In metallic bonding, what surrounds the positive atomic nuclei (kernels)?

A

A sea of delocalised electrons

60
Q

What is the difference between relative molecular mass and relative formula mass?

A

Relative molecular mass-molecular compound

Relative formula mass-ionic compound

61
Q

What is wave speed?

A

The distance a wave travels in a certain amount of time.

Science (19 decks)

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