Chapter 1.3 Ecology and Environmental Studies

Question 1

Definition of Ecology and Ecosystem

Answer 1

Study about the relationship between living things & environment including physical and biological environment.

Question 2

Relationship of ecosystem with human

Answer 2

Human is affected by:

1. climate and biological environment
2. bio factors
3. Culture and traditions
4. infrastructure
5. physical factors

Question 3

Environmental factors

Controller of organism in specific environment

Answer 3

1. climate
2. topography
3. human
4. soil
5. vegetation

Question 4

Important terms

Answer 4

Species, population, biotic community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

Question 5

Ecosystem

Answer 5

The unit of land that compose the society of living things and environment that has the duty together

Question 6

Types of Ecosystem

Answer 6

Aquatic

Terrestrial

Question 7

Aquatic Ecosystem

Answer 7

Marine, Brackish, Fresh water

Question 8

Terrestrial Ecosystem

Answer 8

Forest, Agriculture, Grass land, urban, others

Question 9

Ecotone

Answer 9

The ecosystem between land and aquatic ecosystem, that has abundance number of edge species

Question 10

The Structure of Ecosystem

Answer 10

Abiotic

Biotic

Question 11

Abiotic Structure

Answer 11

The activator or stimulator

Question 12

Biotic

Answer 12

The doer, doing activities

Producers
Consumer 1, 2, …
Decomposer

Question 13

The food chain in ecosystem

Answer 13

Producer > Consumer 1 > consumer 2 > Decomposer > Producer&supporter, Supporter > producers

Supporter : climate, rainfall, humidity

Question 14

Tropic Structure

Answer 14

Piramid

Question 15

The cycling of Matters in Ecosystem

Answer 15

Biosphere: N,P, C
Advantage: prevent the accumulation of waste, ecosystem won’t run out essential elements.

Question 16

Energy Flow in Ecosystem

Answer 16

Using Thermodynamics Law 1 & 2

Question 17

The Law of Thermodynamics 1

Answer 17

Energy can’t be destroyed and can’t be made.

Question 18

The Law of Thermodynamics 2

Answer 18

The process of transferring energy will be followed by the lose of energy

Question 19

Sir Eltonion Pyramid

Answer 19

Piramida tegak: sustainable

Piramida terbalik: Unsustainable

Question 20

Sustainability of Ecosystem

Answer 20

1. Consider from balance of nutrition cycling

input > system > output , input = output

2. Consider from structure of energy flow
   (piramid tegak)

Question 21

Balancing Ecosystem

Answer 21

Self maintenance + Self regulation = Homeostasis