Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LC Gastroenterology Week 3 > Oral and Oesophageal Pathology > Flashcards

Oral and Oesophageal Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are some inflammatory disorders of the oesophagus?

A

Acute Oesophagitis- rare

Chronic Oesophagitis - common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is acute Oesophagitis??

A

Corrosive - following chemical ingestion

Infective in immunocompromised patients - e.eg candidiasis, herpes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is chronic Oesophagitis?

A

Reflux disease - ‘reflux oesophagitis’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe what reflux ‘reflux oesophagitis is… GORD?

A

Inflammation of the oesophagus due to refluxed low pH gastric content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What might cause reflux oesophagitis?

A

Might be caused by a defective sphincter +/- hiatus hernia
Abnormal oesophageal motility
Increased intra-abdominal pressure (pregnancy, obesity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What might you see down the microscope in reflux oesophagitis?

A

Basal zone epithelial expansion - hyperplasia

Intraepithelial neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils

Elongation of papillae as cell type changes to deal with acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What might be some complications of reflux?

A

Ulceration - bleeding
Stricture
Barretts Oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Barretts Oesophagus?

A

Replacement of stratified squamous epithelium by columnar epithelium - pre malignant condition, mucosa becomes unstable and it can undergo dysplastic change easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is metaplasia?

A

Metaplasia is a reversible change in which one adult cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another adult cell type.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why does metaplasia occur in barrett’s oesophagus?

A

Due to president reflux of acid or bile

Protective response, faster regeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How might you describe the appearance of Barrett’s Oesophagus?

A

Red velvety mucosa in the lower oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the increased risk in Barrett’s Oesophagus?

A

Increased risk of developing dysplasia and carcinoma of the oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Allergic Oesophagitis also know as?

A

‘Eosinophillic’ oesophagitis

This is where the oesophagus becomes inflamed with a particular type of white blood cell called an eosinophil.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some of the common associations with allergic oesophagitis?

A 
Personal/family history of allergy
Asthma
Young
Males > females
pH probe negative for reflux
Increased eosinophils in blood
Corrugated (feline) or ‘spotty’ oesophagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What would be characteristic of allergic oesophagitis?

A

Large number of intraepithelial eospinphils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What might treatment of allergic oesophagitis include?

A

Steroids
Chromoglycate
Montelukast

17
Q

What benign oesophageal tumour can you get?

A

Squamous papilloma

- rare, papillae, assymtomatic, HPV related

18
Q

What other type of benign oesophageal tumour can you get?

A

Leiomyomas
Lipomas
Fibrovascular polyps
Granular cell tumours

19
Q

What are the 2 main types of malignant oesophageal tumours that you can get?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

20
Q

Describe more about squamous cell carcinomas?

A

Commoner in Eastern males
Aetiology - smoking, alcohol, HPV, Vit A deficiency, Tannic acid/strong tea…

40% in middle
15% in the upper third

21
Q

Describe more about adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus?

A

Commoner in caucasians
Mostly the lower 1/3rd of oesophagus
Commoner in males
Obesity linked

22
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus?

A

Genetic factors, Reflux disease, Others

Chronic reflux oesophagitis

Barretts Oesophagus (Intestinal metaplasia)

Low Grade dysplasia

High Grade dysplasia

Adenocarcinoma

23
Q

What might adenocarcinoma produce?

A

Obstruction and dysphagia

24
Q

What are some mechanisms of metastases in relation to carcinoma of the oesophagus?

A

Direct invasion

Lymphatic permeation

Vascular invasion

25
Q

What might carcinoma of the oesophagus present with?

A

Dysphagia
Anaemia
Weight loss, lethargy

26
Q

What is the most common type of oral cancer?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma - variable presentation - white, red, speckled, ulcer lump

27
Q

Describe TNM staging?

A 
T= greatest diameter of tumour, structures invaded
N= lymph node status
M= metastasis
28
Q

What might the treatment be?

A

Surgery

Chemoradiation
Palliation

LC Gastroenterology Week 3 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions