Ch. 9

Question 1

Sir Edward Burnett Tylor

Answer 1

founder of the anthropology of religion; began as people tried to understand conditions and events they could not explain

Question 2

animism

Answer 2

earliest form of religion, belief in spiritual beings

Question 3

polytheism

Answer 3

belief in multiple gods

Question 4

monotheism

Answer 4

belief in a single, all powerful deity. one god.

Question 5

mana

Answer 5

sacred impersonal force existing in the universe; can reside in people, animals, plants, and objects

Question 6

taboo

Answer 6

set apart as sacred and off limits to ordinary people

Question 7

magic

Answer 7

refers to supernatural techniques intended to accomplish specific aims

Question 8

imitative magic

Answer 8

attempts to control the universe through the mimicking of a desired event

Question 9

contagious magic

Answer 9

whatever is done to an object is believed to affect a person who once had contact with it

Question 10

rituals

Answer 10

formal, stylized, repetitive, and stereotyped’ performed in special places at set times

Question 11

liturgical orders

Answer 11

sequences of words and actions invented prior to current performance

Question 12

rites of passage

Answer 12

customs associated with the transition from one place or stage of life to another, found throughout the world. 3 stages

Question 13

rites of passage stage 1: ______

Answer 13

separation; people withdrawal from a group, move from one place in their status to another

Question 14

rites of passage stage 2: _______

Answer 14

liminality; period between states, left one place not in the other just yet

Question 15

rites of passage stage 3: _______

Answer 15

incorporation; becoming an official/ full member of a group

Question 16

totemism

Answer 16

important in the religions of the native australians and used nature as a model for society

Question 17

totems

Answer 17

could be animals, plants, anything w/ identity

Question 18

shaman

Answer 18

general term encompassing curers “witch doctors”, mediums, spiritualists, astrologers, palm readers, other divines

Question 19

communal

Answer 19

community rituals, lack full-time religious specialists

Question 20

olympian

Answer 20

arose w/ state organization and marked social stratification

Question 21

monotheistic

Answer 21

belief that there is one god

Question 22

revitalization movements

Answer 22

social movements that occur in times of change, religious leaders emerge and undertake to alter or revitalize society

Question 23

cargo cults

Answer 23

arisen in colonial situations where local people have regular contact with outsiders but lack with their wealth, technology, and living standards

Question 24

secular rituals

Answer 24

formal behavior of man and is not religious in nature. include day to day activities and actions.