Chapter 6

Question 1

self-schemas

• definition
• ex

Answer 1

beliefs about yourself

-what experiences do i have to allow me to say “ i am athletic”

Question 2

possible self

• definition
• ex

Answer 2

• any self that we aspire to be

- i want to be a nurse

Question 3

self-perceptions

• definition
• 3 types

Answer 3

• how you see yourself
• 1. actual
     
     2. ideal
     3. ought

Question 4

actual self

Answer 4

how you actually behave

Question 5

ideal self

Answer 5

who you aspire to be at your best

Question 6

ought self

Answer 6

what you feel like you have to do; societies demands

Question 7

self discrepancies

• definition
• discrepancy between actual and ought

Answer 7

• when you have a discrepancy between actual and ideal (disappointed, discouraged)
• anxious

Question 8

social comparison theory

Answer 8

used to give us some feedback for comparison

Question 9

reference group

• definition
• 2 groups

Answer 9

• comparing yourself to improve

- inferior and superior

Question 10

reference group: superior

Answer 10

more likely to motivate and improve behavior

Question 11

better than average effect

Answer 11

we tend to rate ourselves as above average

Question 12

N-effect

Answer 12

idea that number of people you are comparing yourself to the less competitive we tend to feel

Question 13

self esteem

• definition
• 2 types

Answer 13

assessment of your own self-worth

• 1. trait
     
     2. state

Question 14

trait self-esteem

Answer 14

enduring sense of confidence in abilities; consistent over time

Question 15

state self-esteem

Answer 15

how you feel in the moment

Question 16

negative criticism: self esteem vs narcissism

Answer 16

self esteem: may go one ear out the other; ignore it

narcissism: sees criticism as a high threat

Question 17

self-perception

-2 types

Answer 17

-automatic processing and controlled processing

Question 18

automatic processing

Answer 18

default mode; no thinking

Question 19

controlled processing

• requires
• provides

Answer 19

requires cognitive thinking

-provides accuracy/effort to change in future

Question 20

explanatory style

• optimistic
• pessimistic

Answer 20

• always positive

- always negative

Question 21

methods of self-enhancement

-3 motives

Answer 21

1. self-assessment
2. self-verification
3. self-enhancement