Elevated Mood Flashcards
What is bipolar I?
meets the criteria for mania but previous episodes may have been hypomanic and/or depressive
What is bipolar II?
current or past hypomanic episode and current or past depressive episode
- has never met the criteria for mania.
- most common form of illness
What is Bipolar III?
Hypomanic episodes that occur following the use of antidepressants for depression
What is Bipolar IV?
depressions arising form a hyperthymic temperament
Repeated episodes of mania or hypomania only are classified as bipolar - true/false?
True
How does recurrent depression become bipolar disorder?
addition of a manic/hypomanic episode
What is hypomania?
mood is elevated or irritable to a degree that is definitely abnormal for the individual concerned and sustained for at least 4 consecutive days
What are the features of a hypomanic episode?
- increased activity or physical restlessness;
- increased talkativeness;
- difficulty in concentration or distractibility;
- decreased need for sleep;
- increased sexual energy;
- mild spending sprees, or other types of reckless or irresponsible behaviour
What is a manic episode?
Mood must be predominantly elevated, expansive or irritable, and definitely abnormal for the individual concerned. The mood change must be prominent and sustained for at least 1 week (unless it is severe enough to require hospital admission)
What are some features of mania?
- Increased activity or physical restlessness;
- Increased talkativeness (‘pressure of speech’);
- Flight of ideas or the subjective experience of thoughts racing;
- Loss of normal social inhibitions resulting in behaviour which is inappropriate to the circumstances;
- Decreased need for sleep;
- Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity;
- Distractibility or constant changes in activity or plans;
- Behaviour which is foolhardy or reckless and whose risks the subject does not recognize e.g. spending sprees
- Marked sexual energy or sexual indiscretions.
What other disorders are comorbid with bipolar disorder?
anxiety disorders
alcohol and drug misuse
personality disorders
eating disorders
schizoaffective disorder
schizophrenia
What are the acute mental states associated with BD?
hypomania
mania
depression
What are the maintenance mental states associated with BD?
predominantly (hypo)manic
Predominantly depressive
mixed affective states
rapid cycling
What is the most common mood disturbance in bipolar I/II?
depression
What is the relation of suicide risk in bipolar disorder compared to normal?
increased - as with all mental illness
