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Cardiovascular Science > Basic Anatomy Of The Heart And Major Vessels > Flashcards

Basic Anatomy Of The Heart And Major Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What is haematocrit?

A

Ratio of the volume of rbc to the total volume of blood.
Plasma = 56%
Wbc = 0.5%
Rbc = 44%

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2
Q

Structure of blood vessels

A

Tunica intima, Tunica media, tunica external / adventitia

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3
Q

Tunica intima

A

Endothelium and internal elastic lamina (arteries)

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4
Q

Tunica media

A

Muscle cells and external elastic membrane

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5
Q

Tunica external / adventitious

A

Collagen and vasa vasorum

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6
Q

Elastic Artery size and example

A

More than 1cm, aorta

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7
Q

Muscular Artery size and example

A 
Large = 2-10mm, femoral 
Small = 0.1-2mm, lingual
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8
Q

Arterioles size

A

10-100um

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9
Q

Large vein size and example

A

More than 1cm, IVC

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10
Q

Small / medium veins size and example

A

0.1-10mm facial

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11
Q

Venule size

A

50-100um

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12
Q

Endothelium Functions

A
  1. Selectively permeable barrier (diffusion and transport)
  2. Provides non-thrombogenic barrier ( no blood clotting but secreting anticoagulants)
  3. Control of blood blood / resistance (vasoconstriction and vasodilation)
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13
Q

Two categories of capillaries?

A

Continuous (blood brain barrier)

Fenestrated

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14
Q

Where are the valves in the heart located?

A

Between the atrium and ventricle and between the left and right ventricles

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15
Q

Valves description

A

Fibrocollagenous ring, electrically isolates atria from ventricles

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16
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Decrease in blood flow due to Artery blockage, case anaerobic respiration in cardiac muscle causing a build of lactic acid causing pain

17
Q

Major features of conduction in cardiac muscle AP

A

Sinoatrial node, a ventricular node, bundle of His and purkinje fibres

18
Q

Sympathetic influences of ANS

A

Sympathetic increases HR and contractility, vasodilation of CA.

19
Q

Parasympathetic influences of ANS

A

Decreases HR

20
Q

Blood problems causes anaemia what is this?

A

Condition in which there is a deficiency of red blood cells or haemoglobin in the blood, causing weariness

21
Q

Problems with blood vessels affecting lumen size causes?

A

Atherosclerosis a disease in the arteries where the deposition of fatty material on their inner walls

22
Q

What is ischemia and how is it caused?

A

Ischemia is inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially heart muscle. Caused by heart problems or lumen size in blood vessel problems

23
Q

Heart problems can cause infarction what is this?

A

Tissue death caused by a reduction / stopping blood flow due to artery blockage, mechanical compression, rupture of vasoconstriction.

24
Q

Stenosis is caused by valve failure in the heart what is this?

A

Abnormal narrowing of a passage in the body

Cardiovascular Science (13 decks)

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