Ch. 47: Animal Development

Question 1

Fertilization and Cleavage initiate

Answer 1

embryonic development

Question 2

Morphogenesis in animals involves

Answer 2

specific changes in cell shape, position, and survival

Question 3

Cytoplasmic determinants and inductive signals contribute

Answer 3

to cell fate specification

Question 4

Blastopore

Answer 4

between blastula and gastrula stages

Question 5

Archenteron

Answer 5

during gastrula

Question 6

3 germ layers

Answer 6

during gastrula

• endoderm
• mesoderm
• ectoderm

Question 7

Notochord

Answer 7

between gastrula and neurula

Question 8

Neural Tube

Answer 8

at Neurula

Question 9

Trophoblasts

Kelly

Answer 9

burrow into the endometrium and become a gastocyst when the epiblast turns into germ layers

Question 10

Morula

Answer 10

solid ball, cell cleavage at 32 cells

Question 11

Blastula

Answer 11

hollow ball of cells (cavity in center called blastocoel)

• mesoderm forming dorsal lip of blastopore
• endoderm and ectoderm

Question 12

Gastrula

Answer 12

• purpose to grow gut and differentiate germ layers
• Archenteron: 3 germ layers present
• Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm, archenteron

Question 13

Neurula

Answer 13

1) dorsal hollow nerve tube (vertebrate)
2) Notochord: brain and spinal cord
3) Paraxial Mesoderm: muscle and other organs

Question 14

In placental mammals, what is the fate of the trophoblast and the inner cell mass?

Answer 14

Trophoblast => placenta

Inner Cell Mass => human

Question 15

Explain to your friend how we can say that humans possess an amniotic egg

Answer 15

Organogenesis
1) Pre-implantation: inner cell mass, trophoblast (placenta), blastocoel

2) Implantation: trophoblast expand to endoneutium/ mature blood cells attach, epiblast, hydroblast, trophoblast

3) Trophoblast expansion: forms placenta and
inner cell mass: forms human

4) 3 germ layers
- endoderm, mesoderm ectoderms

• amnion, chorion, yolk sac, allantois

Question 16

Organogenesis

Answer 16

the process in which organ rudiments develop from the three germ layers after gastrulation

Question 17

Development of the Human Embryo

• Amnion
• Yolk Sac
• Allantois
• Chorion

Answer 17

• Amnion: covers the embryo and contains the amniotic fluid
• Yolk sac: contains lipids and proteins to nourish the embryo
• Allantois: removes metabolic waste NH3
• Chorion: Surrounds the yolk sac, allantois and amnion