Chapters 6,7,8,9

Question 1

What is the impact of having too many or too few sex chromosomes?

Answer 1

Turner syndrome is when you are born with two few sex chromosomes. Klinefelter syndrome is when you are born with too many sex chromosomes.

Question 2

Turner syndrome characteristics

Answer 2

Short stature, delayed puberty, High blood pressure, narrowing of the aorta, failure of teeth to develop normally.

Question 3

Klinefelter symptoms

Answer 3

Delayed puberty, infertility, osteoporosis

Question 4

What is the concept of a single gene trait?

Answer 4

Single gene pair inheritance occurs when a trait is linked to one gene pair that consists of two alleles.

Question 5

Describe Mandel’s contributions to the field of genetics

Answer 5

He established many of the rules of heredity

Question 6

Gene

Answer 6

A unit of heredity that is transferred from parent to offspring’s and is held to determine some characteristics of the offspring

Question 7

Allele

Answer 7

One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

Question 8

Homozygous

Answer 8

When an individual has two of the same allele

Question 9

Heterozygous

Answer 9

Having one each of two different alleles

Question 10

The difference between an organisms genotype and phenotype

Answer 10

The genotype is the set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait. The phenotype is the physical expression or characteristics of that trait

Question 11

How can the test cross be used to determine the genotype of an organism?

Answer 11

A test cross can help determine whether a dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous to a specific allele

Question 12

Incomplete dominance

Answer 12

A form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over it’s paired allele. This results in a third phenotype in which the express physical trait is a combination of the phenotypes of both alleles.

Question 13

Codominance

Answer 13

A genetic scenario where neither allele is dominant nor recessive and both get expressed.

Question 14

Multiple alleles

Answer 14

Three or more alternative forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus.

Question 15

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 15

When one characteristic is controlled by two or more genes. Often the genes are large in quantity but small in effect. Examples are height, skin color, Eye color, and weight.

Question 16

How blood type compatibility is determined

Answer 16

If you have type a blood, you cannot receive B blood because your bodies anti-B antibodies will fight the bloods B antigens.

Question 17

How sex linked traits are inherited

Answer 17

Nana normally have an X and Y combination of sex chromosomes, while women have two X’s. Since only men inherit y chromosomes they’re the only ones to inherit y linked traits.

Question 18

Understand that Phenotypes are a combination of

Answer 18

genotypes and the environment

Question 19

Why linked genes do not assort independently

Answer 19

The process of crossover

Question 20

How evolution can be observed in various populations

Answer 20

A population is the smallest biological unit that can evolve

Question 21

Describe Charles Darwin’s impact on evolution and the study of biology

Answer 21

The whole field of evolutionary biology is founded on his work

Question 22

Explain the four ways evolutionary change can take place

Answer 22

Mutation – alteration of the base pair sequence in the DNA of an individual’s gamete producing cells that changes an alleles frequency

Genetic Drift- A random change in allele frequencies, Unrelated to any alleles influence on reproductive success

Migration- A change in allele frequency’s caused by individuals moving into or out of a population

Natural Selection- change in allele frequency’s that occurs when individuals with one version of a heritable trait have greater reproductive success than individuals with a different version of that trait

Question 23

The difference between evolution and natural selection

Answer 23

Evolution is the process by which new species come into being. Natural selection is the mechanism by which evolution occurs: variations in the population which spread are eliminated based on how well they manage to survive in the environment

Question 24

Understand and explain the five different lines of evidence for the occurrence of evolution

Answer 24

1. The fossil record
2. Biogeography
3. Comparative anatomy and embryology
4. Molecular Biology
5. Laboratory and field experiments

Question 25

Understand that the behavior displayed by animals are shaped by

Answer 25

natural selection and are performed in an attempt to increase fitness

Question 26

Compare and contrast learned and innate behaviors

Answer 26

Innate behavior comes from an animals heredity. An animals instincts is an example of innate behavior. So is migration. Learned behaviors are inherited and performed correctly the first time an organism is exposed to a stimulus