Unit 8 #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

A

International organizations established in 1945 to assist nations in maintaining stable currencies.

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2
Q

World Bank

A

The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital programs.

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3
Q

Cold War

A

The political and economic confrontation between the Soviet Unions and the United States that dominated world affairs from 1946 to 1989.

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4
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

Doctrine pronounced in President Harry Truman’s statement in 1947 that the United States should assist other nations that were facing external pressure or internal revolution.

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5
Q

Marshall plan

A

Secretary of State George C. Marshall’s European Recovery Plan of June 5, 1947, committing the United State to help in the rebuilding of post-World War II Europe.

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6
Q

Berlin blockade

A

Three-hundred-day Soviet blockade of land access to United States, British, and French occupation zones in Berlin, 1948-1949.

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7
Q

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A

Organization of ten European countries, Canada, and the United States who together formed a mutual defense pact in April 1949.

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8
Q

Military–industrial complex (MIC)

A

The military–industrial complex (MIC) is an informal alliance between a nation’s military and the arms industry which supplies it, seen together as a vested interest which influences public policy.

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9
Q

Taft-Hartley Act

A

Federal legislation of 1947 that substantially limited the tools available to labor unions in labor-management disputes.

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10
Q

Dixiecrat

A

States’ Rights Democrat.

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11
Q

National Security Council (NSC)

A

The formal policymaking body for national defense and foreign relations, created in 1947 and consisting of the president, the secretary of defense, the secretary of state, and others appointed by the president.

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12
Q

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

A

Agency established in 1947 that coordinates the gathering and evaluation of military and economic information on other nations.

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13
Q

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

A

Originally intended to ferret out pro-Fascists, it later investigated “un-American propaganda” that attacked constitutional government.

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14
Q

McCarthyism

A

Anti-Communist attitudes and actions associated with Senator Joe McCarthy in the early 1950s, including smear tactics and innuendo.

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15
Q

G.I. Bill

A

Legislation in June 1944 that eased the return of veterans into American society by providing educational and employment benefits.

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16
Q

Korean War

A

Pacific war started on June 25, 1950, when North Korea, helped by Soviet equipment and Chinese training, attacked South Korea.

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17
Q

National Security Council Paper 68 (NSC-68)

A

Policy statement that committed the United States to a military approach to the Cold War.

18
Q

Federal Highway Act of 1956

A

Measure that provided federal funding to build a nationwide system of interstate and defense highways.

19
Q

National Defense Education Act (NDEA)

A

1958 act that allocated $280 million in grants for state universities to upgrade their science facilities, created $300 million in low-interest loans for college students, and provided fellowship support for graduate students planning to go into college and university teaching.

20
Q

Beat Movement

A

Central elements of Beat culture are rejection of standard narrative values, spiritual quest, exploration of American and Eastern religions, rejection of materialism, explicit portrayals of the human condition, experimentation with psychedelic drugs, and sexual liberation and exploration.

21
Q

Jack Kerouac

A

Jack Kerouac was an American writer best known for the novel On the Road, which became an American classic, pioneering the Beat Generation in the 1950s.

22
Q

Nikita Kruschev

A

First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 1953-1964

23
Q

Détente

A

(French for “easing of tension.”) Used to describe the new U.S. relations with China and the Soviet Union in 1970.

24
Q

Geneva Accord

A

Accord that called for reunification and national elections in Vietnam in 1956.

25
Q

New Frontier

A

John F. Kennedy’s domestic and foreign policy initiatives, designed to reinvigorate sense of national purpose and energy.

26
Q

Alliance for Progress

A

Program of economic aid to Latin America during the Kennedy administration.

27
Q

Bay of Pigs

A

Site in Cuba of an unsuccessful landing of fourteen hundred anti-Castro Cuban refugees in April 1961.

28
Q

Cuban missile crisis

A

Crisis between the Soviet Union and the United States over the placement of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba.

29
Q

Limited Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty

A

Treaty, signed by the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union, outlawing nuclear testing in the atmosphere, in outer space, and under water.

30
Q

Great Society

A

Theme of Lyndon Johnson’s administration, focusing on poverty, education, and civil rights.

31
Q

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

A

Civil rights group formed in 1942 committed to nonviolent civil disobedience.

32
Q

Brown v. Board of Education

A

Supreme Court decision in 1954 that declared that “separate but equal” schools for children of different races violated the Constitution.

33
Q

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

A

Black civil rights organization founded in 1957 by Martin Luther King, Jr. and other clergy.

34
Q

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A

The Montgomery bus boycott, a seminal event in the Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama.

35
Q

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

A

Black civil rights organization founded in 1960 that drew heavily on younger activists and college students.

36
Q

Freedom rides

A

Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years in order to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Morgan v. Virginia (1946) and Boynton v. Virginia (1960), which ruled that segregated public buses were unconstitutional

37
Q

March on Washington

A

was held in Washington, D.C. on Wednesday, August 28, 1963. The purpose of the march was to stand up for civil and economic rights for African Americans during a time when racism was more prevalent throughout society. At the march, Martin Luther King Jr., standing in front of the Lincoln Memorial, delivered his historic “I Have a Dream” speech in which he called for an end to racism

38
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

Federal legislation that outlawed discrimination in public accommodations and employment on the basis of race, skin color, sex, religion, or national origin.

39
Q

Freedom Summer

A

Voter registration effort in rural Mississippi organized by black and white civil rights workers in 1964.

40
Q

Nation of Islam (NOI)

A

Religious movement among black Americans that emphasizes self-sufficiency, self-help, and separation from white society.