Ch.9: Metabolism Flashcards
Glycolysis Process:
glucose converted into two 3-carbon Pyruvate molecules ten step enzymatic reaction produce 2 ATP & 2NADH occurs in the cytosol NO OXYGEN REQUIRED
Where does the oxidation of pyruvate occur?
intermembrance space of the mitochondria
What is formed in the oxidation of pyruvate
2 NADH and Acetyl CoA
Kreb’s Cycle Process:
Oxidation of Acetyl CoA
occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria
carbon is lost as CO2
Acetyl CoA condenses with 4-carbon acid (oxaloacetic acid)
What is produced in the Kreb Cycle
2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2
Electron Transport Chain Process:
NADH & FADH donate their electrons, and are shuttled down the electron chain gradient (movement of e activate proton pumps)
Accept and release electrons in DOWNHILL fashion (energy is released)
Energy is used to transport H+ into the inner-membrane space. Creates a H+ gradient
H+ gradient activates ATP SYNTHASE, which synthesizes proteins.
_________ serves as a final electron acceptor
Oxygen
_________ is produced as hydrogen ions and oxygen react
water
Electron Transport chain occurs in
cristae membrane of the mitochondria
The total amount of ATP Produced:
36-38 ATP
2 ATP Fermentation
Metabolism of Lipids:
triglycerides:
rich depots of metabolic energy
fatty acids are highly reduced and free of water
Fatty acids go directly to the kreb cycle
Metabolism of Proteins
Amino acids in excess of requirements for protein synthesis and other biomolecules are burned as fuel First Modified (rid of amino group) & then the carbon skeleton can be completely oxidized through the kreb cycle.
Amino groups removed from plants and animals by
Plants: release excess ammonia to the environment
Amphibians and mammals: through urea (urine)
Birds, insects, and reptiles: Uric acid (urine&feces)
Proteins greatest use is
to rebuild muscle tissue
_____ _____ & _____ ____ ____ are oxygen requiring pathways
kreb cycle and electron transport chain
