DNA & Gene Expression

Question 1

What is one unit of DNA called?

Answer 1

Nucleotide

Question 2

What are the 3 parts of the nucleotide?

Answer 2

Sugar, phosphate, 4 nitrogen bases

Question 3

What types of bonds hold together nitrogen bases?

Answer 3

Hydrogen bonds

Question 4

What is a gene?

Answer 4

About 3000 base pairs

1 gene codes for 1 protein

Question 5

3 steps of DNA replication

Answer 5

DNA unwinds, DNA unzips, DNA rebuilds

Question 6

What does the enzyme DNA polymerase do during DNA replication?

Answer 6

It unzips the DNA molecule

Question 7

What does the enzyme helicase do during DNA replication?

Answer 7

Breaks apart the hydrogen bonds between the bases, pulling apart the two strands

Question 8

Three types of RNA

Answer 8

mRNA (messenger)
tRNA (transfer)
rRNA (ribosomal)

Question 9

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 9

Amino acids

Question 10

What does tRNA do?

Answer 10

Has an anti-codon to match the 3 letter message on the mRNA

Question 11

What type of bond holds amino acids together?

Answer 11

Peptide bond

Question 12

Where does protein synthesis take place in a cell?

Answer 12

Nucleus

Question 13

What is a codon?

Answer 13

A message coding for a single amino acid

Question 14

What is an anti-codon?

Answer 14

Match 3 letters with mRNA

Question 15

Transcription

Answer 15

DNA-RNA

Question 16

Translation

Answer 16

RNA-amino acids

Question 17

What is a mutation?

Answer 17

A change in one or a few bases in a gene

Question 18

What are the 3 major factors that cause mutations?

Answer 18

UV radiation, chemicals, errors in DNA replication

Question 19

3 different types of mutations

Answer 19

Base-pair substitution, insertion, deletion

Question 20

Which type of mutations has the greatest effect on the protein?

Answer 20

Deletion & insertion