Authoritarian States Flashcards
1
Q
Hitler’s Rise to Power (1929-1933): Conditions
A
- Great Depression
- Mistakes and instability of the Weimar Government
- Impact of the Treaty of Versailles
- Germany’s (particularly the army’s) suspicion of Democracy
- Flawed Weimar Constitution
- Social and economic consequences of 1923 crisis
- Lack of loyalty to Weimar government by Conservatives
- Fear of Communism*
2
Q
Hitler’s Rise to Power: Political factors
A
- Failures of a weak government
- Power vacuum
- Unstable Democracy
- Bruning: Increase tax, Decrease Benefits
- Hitler becoming Chancellor
3
Q
Hitler’s Rise to Power: Socio-Economic Factors
A
- Wall Street Crash
- Great Depression + Hyperinflation - Nationalism
4
Q
Hitler’s Rise to Power: Military Factors
A
- Foreign influence
- Treaty of Versailles - Freikorps
- Army felt betrayed
- Suspicion of Democracy
5
Q
Mao’s Rise to Power: Political Factors
A
- Failures of a weak government
- Corrupt - ineffective against Warlords
- Print more money, new currency
- Obsession with Japan - Power vacuum
6
Q
Mao’s Rise to Power: Socio-Economic Factors
A
- Hyperinflation
- Nationalism
7
Q
Mao’s Rise to Power: Military Factors
A
- Foreign influence
- Occupying China
8
Q
Rise to Power: Methods similarities
A
- Violence
- Hitler: SA / SS intimidated and fought Communism
- Mao: Use of Red Army - Nationalism
- Hitler: Promised revision on ToV (Unity)
- Mao: Wanted to unite China - Propaganda
- Hitler: Mein Kampf
- Mao: Little Red Book (Mao Zedong Thought) - Organisation
- Hitler: SA / SS marches
- Mao: Disciplined Red Army
9
Q
Rise to Power: Methods differences
A
- Ideology
- Hitler: Fought Communism
- Mao: Was Communist - Legality
- Hitler: Wanted to gain power through the Ballot box
- Mao: Take power militarily
10
Q
Hitler’s Consolidation of Power (1933-1934)
A
- The Reichstag Fire
- 27 February 1933
- Marinus van der Lubbe
- Emergency Powers - The March Elections:
- 5 March 1933
- Largest party but no majority
- Mass propaganda for election campaign - The Enabling Act
- 23 March 1933
- Pass laws without consulting the Reichstag
- Use of intimidation - Reichstag filled with SS, SA - The purge of the Civil Service
- All non-Aryans were removed
- Considered Politically unreliable
- 1.6m people joined the party to keep their jobs - Abolition of opposition parties
- All parties except for the Nazi Party were banned - destroyed democracy
- German Labour Front established
- Trade Unions abolished - Night of the Long Knives
- 30 June 1934
- Purge of the SA
- Hitler paranoid about Rohm and Himmler
- Increase loyalty of Army
- Social Darwinism - Hindenburg dies 10 August 1934
11
Q
Mao’s Consolidation of Power (1949-1954)
A
- New Government institutions
- Single Party State
- Democratic Centralism
- Peasants, Industrial workers, petty bourgeoisie and national bourgeoisie
- New Administration
- National, provincial and District Administration
- ‘Guided’ or ‘indirect democracy’ - Purges
- Against Gao Gan and Rao Shushi
- Against the Defence Minister Peng Dehuai
- Against the lieutenants of Lin Biao (believed to be plotting a coup)
- Killed in a plane crash - Propaganda
- Poster Art: Promote Government campaigns
- News and Media: Heavily influenced by the Government
- Loudspeakers
- Education: Focused on Marxist, Leninist and Maoist thoughts
- Thought Reform
- Part of Mao’s cult of personality
12
Q
Hitler’s Maintenance of Power (1934-1945)
A
- Terror / Violence
- Suppression of Minorities (Kristallnacht)
- Gestapo
- SS - Propaganda / Ideology
- Media and Radio
- Orator
- 1936 Olympics
- Films (Eternal Jew)
- Rallies - Foreign Policy
- Autarky
- Expansionism
- Austria, Reclaim territory
- Appeals to public
- Appeasement by the allies
- Desire to destroy Communism
13
Q
Mao’s Maintenance of Power (1954-1976)
A
- 100 Flowers Campaign
- 1956-1957
- Intellectuals were being stifled
- Constructive criticism of government legalized
- “Let a hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred schools of thought contend” - The Anti-Rightist Campaign
- July 1957
- Mao predicted 10% of China were Rightists
- A purge of intellectuals and other critics
- Mao and intellectuals never trusted each other after - The Great Leap Forward
- Economic and Social Campaign develop the economy through industrialization - Yangzi River
- July 1966
- A Propaganda spectacle
- Mao swims in the river
- Return to center of political life - The Cultural Revolution
- Mao urges young people to rebel against authority
- Mass mobilization
- Mao Zedong life
- Continuous Revolution
- Liu Shaoqi (President)
- Humiliated by Mao, dies from poor health
14
Q
Hitler and Women
A
- “In my state, the mother is the most important citizen”
- Nazis against emancipation on Women
- Mo make-up, smoking or modern fashion
- Bear children and support husband
- Medal system - Laws against ‘double earners’ (Both husband and wife couldn’t earn money)
- Reduce unemployment by not including women
- Law of Reduction in Unemployment
- Gave married couples loans if the wife became and remained unemployed
15
Q
Mao and Women
A
- Against Confucianism
- Marriage Law (1950)
- No more arranged marriages
- No more Concubines
- Women can divorce
- Domestic abuse became illegal - 1949-1952: Land Distribution
- Women were given their share of land - Women were allowed to work and received payment
- Number of Women in CCP: 14% to 23%
- Women in Politics
- Attempt to stop female infanticide
