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Biology 152 - SCCC > Section 9 - Nutrition > Flashcards

Section 9 - Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two trophic levels?

A

Autotrophs

Heterotrophs

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2
Q

What is ingestion?

A

When an organism takes in their food while or piece by piece

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3
Q

What are the three types of heterotrophs?

A

Herbivores - eat autotrophs

Carnivores - eat heterotrophs

Omnivores - eat both

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4
Q

What are the 4 stages of food processing?

A

Ingestion

Digestion

Absorption

Elimination

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5
Q

What is required for digestion?

A

Specialized compartments to avoid damage to body cells

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6
Q

What is a gastrovascular cavity? How does it digest food?

A

A digestive sac with a single opening

Extracellular, then intracellular

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7
Q

What are the two types of cellular digestion?

A

Intracellular digestion

Extracellular digestion

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8
Q

What is the advantage of extracellular digestion?

A

You can eat larger food

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9
Q

What is an alimentary canal?

A

A complete digestive tract

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10
Q

What is the advantage of one-way movement of food?

A

Allows for specialization of different regions of the digestive tract

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11
Q

What are the four layers of the mammalian digestive system?

A

Mucosa (epithelial tissue)

Submucosa (connective tissue)

Muscularis (muscle)

Serosa (connective tissue)

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12
Q

What are the (6) parts of the human digestive system?

A 
Mouth
Pharynx(throat)
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Anus
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13
Q

Where does most digestion take place?

A

Small intestine

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14
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Secretes digestive enzymes

Secretes bicarbonate

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15
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Produces bile which emulsifies fats

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16
Q

What organ mainly absorbs water, sodium and vitamin K?

A

Large intestine

17
Q

Which organ releases gastrin?

A

The stomach

18
Q

What does gastrin do?

A

Triggers the secretion of gastric juices

19
Q

What are enterogasterones?

A

Hormones that control digestion

20
Q

What are the three enterogasterones?

A

Secretin - causes pancreas to release bicarbonate

CCK - stimulates the gall bladder to release bile

GIP - inhibits emptying of the stomach

21
Q

What is coprophagy?

A

Eating poop to get extra nutrients

22
Q

What is a rumen?

A

A stomach with the ability to regurgitate for additional mastication

23
Q

What are the macronutrients that plants require? (6)

A 
Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen 
Potassium
Phosphorus
24
Q

What are the two components of soil?

A

Soil

Topsoil

25
Q

What is the root system of vascular plants called?

A

Mycorrhizae

Biology 152 - SCCC (6 decks)

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