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GCSE - Geography (Dave) > Settlements > Flashcards

Settlements Flashcards

1
Q

Define settlement

A

The place where people live/work

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2
Q

Define site

A

The actual location where the settlement is built

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3
Q

Define situation

A

Location related to paces & features

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4
Q

What is a wet point site?

A

A site where there is a river or other type of water source

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5
Q

What is a defensive site?

A

High land which has a strategic advantages to see enemies advancing

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6
Q

What is relief?

A

Altitude and gradient of the slopes

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7
Q

What relief is beneficial to the growth of a settlement?

A

Flat land - easy to build on

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8
Q

What resources are useful for settlemetns

A

Wood, coal, precious materials

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9
Q

What is the aspect?

A

The direction a slope faces in relation to the sun

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10
Q

Name the settlement hierarchy

A
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11
Q

What services would a hamlet have?

A

Phone box and a few houses

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12
Q

What services would a village have?

A

Small shops, a church, a post office

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13
Q

What services does a small town have?

A

Primary school, supermarket, library, bank, hotel

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14
Q

What servies doees a large town have?

A

Shopping centre, secondary school, college, cinema, sports centre

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15
Q

What services does a city have?

A

Department store, cathedral, uni, airport

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16
Q

Why is the settlement hierachy a pyramid?

A

The higher up the settlment, there are fewer of them

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17
Q

How does the population change as you go up the settlement hierarcy?

A

It increases

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18
Q

Define a nucleated settlement

A

A settlment developed around a certain point

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19
Q

Define a dispersed settlement

A

Small settlements with buildings that are far apart

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20
Q

Define a linear settlement

A

A settlement that has developed along a line (road, railway, river canal)

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21
Q

What is the sphere of influence?

A

The surrounding area which that settlement serves

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22
Q

What affects the sphere of influence?

A

Type and number of services

Transport links to the settlements

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23
Q

What services are found in rural settlements?

A

Low order services & convenience goods

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24
Q

What are low order services?

A

Things that people use often (small grocery store)

25
Q

What are convenience goods?

A

Goods that are often needed (milk, bread)

26
Q

What are middle order services?

A

Services needed every month or so e.g hairdressers

27
Q

What services do urban settlements tend to have?

A

High order services and comparison goods

28
Q

What are high order services?

A

Services need less often (eletrical store)

29
Q

What are comparison goods?

A

Goods that are needed less often. People will travel further and will compare prices and brands

30
Q

What is the range of a service?

A

The distance a person would be prepared to travel to get there

31
Q

What is a threshold population?

A

The minimum amount of potential customers needed for a service

32
Q

What is the burgess model?

A
33
Q

What is the Hoyt model?

A
34
Q

What are the main characteristics of the CBD?

A
  • Good transport links
  • Commercial center
  • Public buildings
35
Q

Name some characteristics of the inner city

A
  • 19th century low-class terraced housing
  • Factories
  • Canals & railways
36
Q

Why is the inner city called the twilight zone?

A

It is the transition between the CBD and the suburbs

37
Q

What is the rural-urban fringe?

A

Where the urban area meets the countryside

38
Q

What do people use the rural-urban fringe for?

A
  • Industrial estates
  • Infrastructure
  • New housing
39
Q

What is the environmental pressures on using the rural-urban fringe?

A
  • Damage to the habitats of animals
  • Pollution due to increased traffic
40
Q

What are the economic benefits of the Rural-urban fringe?

A
  • More jobs
  • Increases revenue
  • More money in local economy
41
Q

What is the urban land use model of a LEDC?

A
42
Q

How was the wealth created in LEDC?

A

Colonial wealth and traders

43
Q

How was wealth created in MEDCs?

A

Industrial revolution

44
Q

Define a shanty town (favela in Brazil)

A

Area of poorly-built, low cost and often illegal housing found in and around LEDCs

45
Q

Where are shanty towns usually found?

A

Edge of cities or wherever land is not used (due to flood or landslide risk)

46
Q

What are the push factors of the favelas?

A
  • No jobs
  • Mechanisation takes peoples jobs
  • Poor schools and hospitals
  • High crime rates
47
Q

What are the pull factors of favelas from the rural areas?

A
  • Better transport
  • More houses and better quality
  • Better transport and communications
48
Q

What benefits do local government improved favelas have for local residents?

A
  • Gain legal ownership of house
  • Improved houses
  • Better sanitation
  • Safer electricity connections
49
Q

What benefits do local government improved favelas have for the goverment?

A
  • Labour is free
  • Residents pay taxes
  • Reduced crime rates
50
Q

What can rapid urbanisation and urban growth can lead to?

A
  • Congestion
  • Pollution
  • Unemployment
  • Crime
51
Q

What is the commuter belt?

A

Areas of residential land use where people travel from to their work place

52
Q

What is a greenfield site?

A

Land that has never been built on before (usually agriculture)

53
Q

What is a brownfield site?

A

Land that has been built on previously but has been left abandoned and often become derelict

54
Q

Define derelict

A

Land that has been abandoned and often become run down

55
Q

What are the advantages of greenfield sites?

A
  • Land has never been polluted
  • Good transport links
  • Easier to sell houses
  • Less congestion
56
Q

What are the disadvantages of a greenfield sites?

A
  • Conflict with other land owners
  • Government now protects them
  • Less public transport
57
Q

What are the advantages of brownfield sites?

A
  • Cheap
  • Near the CBD
  • Better public transport
  • Gov. supports building here
58
Q

What are the disadvantages of brownfield sites?

A
  • Polluted - clear up necessary
  • Not always an ideal location
  • Limited room

GCSE - Geography (Dave) (16 decks)

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