Biology 1A - Human Biology

Question 1

Name all the food groups you should eat to have a balanced diet.

Answer 1

Carbohydrates
Fats
Protein
Fibre
Vitamins and Mineral Ions

Question 2

Name five health problems that are associated with obesity.

Answer 2

Arthritis
Type 2 Diabetes
High Blood Pressure
Heart Disease
Risk some types of cancer

Question 3

Three ways in which your immune system defends the body against disease.

Answer 3

Antibodies
White Blood Cells
Antigens

Question 4

In terms of energy what does a person have to do to lose weight?

Answer 4

• Eat less fat or carbohydrates (so that you take in less energy)
• Do more exercise (so that you lose more energy)

Question 5

Describe how the MRR vaccine prevent you getting measles mumps and rubella.

Answer 5

It injects small amounts of dead or inactive microorganisms. These carry antigens that your body will produce antibodies to attack so that if you do get measles mumps or rubella your body know how to fight it quickly because its fought the weakened version.

Question 6

Why shouldn’t your doctor give you antibiotics for the flu?

Answer 6

Because viruses invade your body cells and antibiotics kill bad cells they would be killing your own cells which is bad.

Question 7

Name one type of bacteria that has developed resistance to antibiotics.

Answer 7

MRSA

Question 8

What practise did Semmelweis introduce in the 1840’s?

Answer 8

Doctors washing hands with antiseptic solution entering the ward to prevent them spreading puerperal fever to the women how where giving birth. Cut death rate from 12% to 2%

Question 9

Describe the structure of the nervous system and what it does.

Answer 9

• Your sense organs have receptors in them which are groups of cells sensitive to stimulus (light sound smell) – They change it into electrical impulses that send signals to your spine and through the CNS.
• Neurones send instructions to the effectors.
• Effectors (muscles and glands) react accordingly.

Question 10

What is a synapse?

Answer 10

The connection between two neurones where the nerve signal is transferred by chemicals which diffuse across the gap sending a new electrical signal to the next neurone.

Question 11

What is the purpose of a reflex action?

Answer 11

Helps prevent injury because neurones go through the reflex arc in the spine and doesn’t need the brain to respond because it automatically triggers the reaction

Question 12

Describe pathway of reflex arc from stimulus to response.

Answer 12

Stimulates 
Receptors 
Sensory neurone
Relay neurone 
Motor neurone 
Effector

Question 13

Describe two effects of FSH in the body.

Answer 13

• Cause egg to mature in ovary.

- Cause ovaries to produce oestrogen.

Question 14

Describe two disadvantages to using the contraceptive pill.

Answer 14

• Doesn’t protect against STDs

- Isn’t 100% effective - Still a slight chance of getting pregnant.

Question 15

Describe two advantages to using the contraceptive pill.

Answer 15

• Over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.

- Reduces risk of getting some types of cancer.

Question 16

Briefly describe how IVF is carried out.

Answer 16

FSH and LH are given before collecting egg from women ovaries to stimulate production then fertilise them in a lab with mans sperm and growing into a embryo. Then transferred into a women.

Question 17

What is auxin?

Answer 17

A plant hormone that controls growth in the tips of roots and shoots.

Question 18

What is homeostasis?

Answer 18

Controls bodily levels like :

• Ion content
• Water content
• Sugar content
• Temperature

Question 19

Describe how temperature and exercise varies the ways you secrete water.

Answer 19

Cold day/ Not exercising - Don’t sweat as much so you produce more urine.
Hot day/ Exercising - Sweat a lot so less urine thats more concentrated and lose more water through breath.

Question 20

Why might an athlete use performance enhancing drugs?

Answer 20

• Drug free sport isn’t fair. All have different access to facilities coaches and equipment.
• Athletes have the right to make there own decisions to risk taking the drug or not.

Question 21

Why might an athlete not use performance enhancing drugs?

Answer 21

• Can lead to high blood pressure. A lot of athletes unaware of health risks.
• Unfair advantage to athletes that have trained hard.

Question 22

Name a drug that was not tested thoroughly enough and describe the consequences of its use.

Answer 22

Thalidomide - Originally a sleeping pill but found to help with morning sickness but had not been tested to work for that so about 10000 babies where born with abnormal limb development and only half survived as they didn’t test it and find out that it could pass through the placenta and effect the fetus.

Question 23

Give three opinions about the link between cannabis and hard drug use.

Answer 23

• Stepping Stone - the effects of cannabis create a desire to try harder drugs.
• Gateway Drug - Use of it brings people into contact with drug dealers.
• Genetics - Certain people are more likely to take drugs generally so users will also try other drugs.

Question 24

Explain why legal drugs have a bigger impact on society in the UK?

Answer 24

• More people take legal drugs effects a wider amount of people and some can have just as harsh a effect as illegal drugs.
• Smoking - Disease like heart and lung/ Causes cancer/ Addictive.
• Alcohol - Slows nervous system/ Leads to impaired judgement, poor coordination, unconsciousness/ Addictive.

Question 25

Explain why illegal drugs have a bigger impact on society in the UK?

Answer 25

• Harder drugs usually have a much more fatal impact on people where one cigarette could not kill you one heroin hit might.
• More addictive.
• Gateway drugs.

Question 26

Describe how shoots respond to gravity and why.

Answer 26

Grow upwards, more auxins of the lower side because of unequal distribution of auxins due to gravities effect of sideways growing shoots.

Question 27

Describe how roots respond to gravity and why.

Answer 27

Grow downwards more auxins on lower side but more auxins inhibits growth in roots so cells elongate on top bending it downward.

Question 28

What are the three main stages of drug testing?

Answer 28

• Tested on human cell and tissue.
• Tested on live animals.
• Tested on human volunteers in a clinical trial.