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Kinesiology > Test 1 (Unit 1-4) > Flashcards

Test 1 (Unit 1-4) Flashcards

1
Q

The Study of movement particularly human movement as well as physiology, physics, and geometry.

A

Kinesiology

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2
Q

Forces that cause movement

A

Kinetics

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3
Q

Time, Space, and Mass of a moving system

A

Kineomatics

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4
Q

Motion that occur mostly outside of the body

A

Linear

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5
Q

Motion that occurs inside the body

A

Angular motion

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6
Q

What is another name for linear motion?

A

Translatory

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7
Q

What is another name for angular motion?

A

Rotary

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8
Q

Moving in a straight line is referred to as:

A

Rectilinear

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9
Q

Moving in a curved line is referred to as:

A

Curvilinear

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10
Q

What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?

A
  1. Mineral storage
  2. Protection
  3. Production of red blood cells
  4. Attachment for muscles & tendons
  5. Support
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11
Q

How many bones does the human body have normally?

A

206

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12
Q

Axial skeleton contains:

How many bones?

A

Head & Trunk

80 Bones

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13
Q

Appendicular skeleton contains:

How many bones?

A

Arms and Legs

126 Bones

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14
Q

What are the functions of compact (cortical) bone?

A

-Dense Bone

Protection and Support

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15
Q

What are the functions of cancellous (spongy) bone?

A

Porus portion of the bone

Structure

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16
Q

Structure of Bone:

Epiphysis is?

A

Ends of the bone

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17
Q

Structure of bone:

Epiphyseal plates are?

A

GROWTH PLATE

Near the end of the bone

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18
Q

Structure of bone:

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of the bone (Long Part)

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19
Q

Structure of bone:

Medullay Cavity

A

Contains bone marrow

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20
Q

Structure of bone:

Metaphysis

A

Area where diaphysis and epiphysis connect.

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21
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

Outer covering (Essential for connecting to tendons) for repair

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22
Q

What is the most stable connective tissue?

A

Fibrous

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23
Q

Stable or Mobile?/ How many planes does it move in?

*Shoulder

A

Shoulder is highly mobile NOT stable.

3

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24
Q

Stable or Mobile?/ How many planes does it move in?

* Elbow

A

Elbow is very stable

1

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25
Q

Stable or Mobile?/ How many planes does it move in?

* Wrist

A

Very stable not too mobile

2 planes of motion

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26
Q

Stable or Mobile?/ How many planes does it move in?

*HIP

A

Mobile and Stable

3

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27
Q

Define Synathrodial/Syndesmosis:

Example?

A

No Movement

Ex. Sutures of the skull

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28
Q

Define Amphiarthrodial/Cartilaginous

Example?

A

Slight Movement

Ex. Pubic Symphysis

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29
Q

Define Diathrodial/ Synovial:

Example?

A

FREELY MOVEABLE
Large Joints in the body (Lubricant)
Ex. Shoulder, Hip, Knee, Ankle

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30
Q

Nonaxial:

A

No movement

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31
Q

Uniaxial:

A

Moves in 1 Plane

ex. Finger, Elbow, Knee (Hinge joints)

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32
Q

Biaxial:

A

Moves in 2 Planes

ex. Wrist, Ankle

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33
Q

Triaxial:

A

Moves in 3 Planes

ex. Ball & Socket Joints (Shoulder, Hip)

34
Q

Are ligaments stronger than bone?

A

Yes

Connects bone to bone

35
Q

Terms that describe the shoulder….

A

Triaxial
synovial
diarthrodial
Ball & Socket

36
Q

Terms that describe the wrist…

A

Biaxial
condyloid
synovial
diarthrodial

37
Q

Terms that describe the Elbow…

A

Synovial
Hinge
Uniaxial

38
Q

Synovial capsule is…

A

Deeper capsule of the two (Holds Synovial Fluid in)

39
Q

Dense CT is…

A

Superficial tissue that provides stability.

40
Q

Types of cartilage:

HYALINE

A

Lines the ends of bones (outerlinning/ provides smooth articulation and SHOCK ABSORPTION)

41
Q

Types of cartilage:

FIBROCARTILAGE

A

Main shock absorber!

42
Q

What are the two types of fibrocartiage?

A

Menisci: Rings of fibrocartilage in the knee which gets injured commonly.
Labrum: Found in the shoulder and hip (Helps deepen the socket for stability).

43
Q

Types of cartilage:

ELASTIC

A

Found in ears, neck, etc. Super stretchable

44
Q

What is an aponeuosis?

A

Sheath of CT that acts like a tendon.

45
Q

What is bursae?

A

Fluid-Filled sacs

Functions as a cushion between a tendon and a bone.

46
Q

What is COG?

A

Center of Gravity
Around umbilicus (Belly button)
2ND SACRAL VERTEBRA

47
Q

What is the orgin of a muscle?

A

Stable/ Non-moving part

48
Q

What is the insertion of a muscle?

A

Moving End

Insertion always moves in the direction of the orgin

49
Q

What is a reverse action?

A

When the ORGIN moves in direction of the INSERTION

50
Q

Fiber Arrangement

PARRALLEL:

A

Side by side (same direction)

Longer and have greater range of motion

51
Q

Fiber Arrangement

STRAP:

A

Long and Thin

ex. Sartorius

52
Q

Fiber Arrangement

FUSIFORM:

A

Wider in the middle

ex. Biceps brachi (Elbow flexors)

53
Q

Fiber Arrangement

RHOMBOID:

A

Four sided and flat

Ex. Glutueus Maximus

54
Q

Fiber Arrangement

Triangular:

A

Flat and fan shaped

55
Q

Fiber Arrangement

OBLIQUES ARE…..

A

Annugular for power

pennate configurations, uni, bi, multi

56
Q

Muscle Characteristics

A. Irritability

A

Ability to respond to a stimuli

57
Q

Muscle Characteristics

B. Contractility

A

Muscles ability to contract or shorten when receiving stimulation. (Develops Force)

58
Q

Muscle Characteristics

C. Extensibility

A

Muscles ability to stretch or lengthen when a force is applied.

59
Q

Muscle Characteristics

D. Elasticity

A

Muscle recoil or return to normal length when stretching forced is removed.

60
Q

What is active insufficiency?

AGONIST

A

When the muscle is too short to shorten any shorter.

Muscle that is contracting

61
Q

What is passive insufficiency?

ANTAGONIST

A

When the muscle is too long to lengthen any longer.

opposing muscle

62
Q

What is tenodensis?

A

Uses passive insufficiency to an advantage. In higher level spinal cord patients it can be used as a function grasp.
Ex. When in supination, finger will automatically flex so the patient would be able to grasp the object and bring it to their mouth for eating.

63
Q

Lever Systems- MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE

A. Lever

A

Ridgit Bone/ Rotates around an Axis

64
Q

Lever Systems- MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE

B. Fulcrum

A

Axis

65
Q

Lever Systems- MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE

C. Resistance

A

Weight/Load

66
Q

What is a 1st Class lever?

A

NECK

67
Q

What is a 2nd Class Lever?

A

Wheel Barrel

POWER

68
Q

What is a 3rd Class Lever?

A

FOUND MOST IN THE BODY

Provides range of motion ex. Elbow

69
Q

What is isometric?

A

Muscle movement with no joint movement

70
Q

What is isotonic?

A

ECCENTRIC/ CONCENTRIC contractiosn

71
Q

What is isokinetic?

A

Speed & velocity remaining the same resistance throughout the range of motion.

72
Q

What is the agonist?

A

Prime mover

Doing the work

73
Q

What is the antagonist?

A

Opposer of the muscle that is doing the work.

74
Q

What is a synergist?

A

Muscle that assists the prime mover (Agonist) or stabalizes it during an activity.

75
Q

What is co-contraction?

A

When the opposing muscle groups work at the same time. Ex. SQUATTING
-Hamstrings, Quads, Knee extensors all work together.

76
Q

Kinetic Chains:

OPEN KINETIC CHAIN

A

When the distal end of an extremity is moving

ex. Lifting weights, hammering a nail.

77
Q

Kinetic Chains:

CLOSED KINETIC CHAIN

A

When the distal end of an extremity is fixed (non-moving)

ex. squats, push up, wall sit, using a machine

78
Q

When the distal end of a bone moves laterally its called __________?

A

Valgus (Knock-kneed)

79
Q

When the distal end of a bone moves medially ______?

A

Varus (Bow-legged)

80
Q

Muscle movement with no joint movement is called ______?

A

Isometric contraction

81
Q

A lengthening contraction or a concentric contraction is called ______?

A

ISOTONIC

82
Q

Speed and velocity remaining the same. Resistance changes throughout the range of motion.

A

Isokinetic

Kinesiology (6 decks)

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