Sleep-Wake Disorders

Question 1

A diagnosis of Insomnia Disorder requires dissatisfaction with sleep ________ or __________, that is associated with at least one of the following symptoms:

• Difficulty initiating sleep
• Difficulty ______________ sleep
• Early-morning awakening with an ___________________

Answer 1

• Quality
• Quantity
• Maintaining
• Inability to return to sleep

Question 2

For a diagnosis of Insomnia Disorder, the sleep disturbance must occur at least ___ nights each week, has been present for at least ___ months, occurs despite __________________ for sleep, and causes significant distress/impaired functioning.

Answer 2

• 3
• 3
• Sufficient opportunities

Question 3

For treating Insomnia Disorder, ____________________ provides guidelines for improving sleep-related behaviors (e.g., avoiding napping during the day, avoiding caffeine and alcohol in the evenings).

Answer 3

Sleep-hygiene education.

Question 4

For treating Insomnia Disorder, ____________________ is used to stregthen the bed and bedroom as cues for sleep and weaken them as cues for other activities, and includes instructing the client to go to bed only when tired, to use the bed only for sleep and sexual activity, to get out of bed and go to another room if still awake 20 min. after going to bed, and to get up at about the same time each morning.

Answer 4

Stimulus control.

Question 5

For treating Insomnia Disorder, ____________________ (e.g., PMR or guided imagery) is used to reduce anxiety and stress and promote mental and physical relaxation.

Answer 5

Relaxation training.

Question 6

For treating Insomnia Disorder, __________________ is used to correct faulty attitudes and beliefs about sleep and counterproductive sleep strategies.

Answer 6

Cognitive therapy.

Question 7

Hypersomnolence Disorder involves excessive sleepiness despite a main sleep period of at least ___ hours with at least one of the following symptoms:

• Recurrent periods of sleep within the same day
• A prolonged but nonrestorative sleep period of more than ___ hours each day
• Difficulty becoming fully awake after an _________________

Answer 7

• 7
• 9
• Abrupt awakening

Question 8

For a diagnosis of Hypersomnolence Disorder, the problem must occur at least ___ times per week, has been present for at least ___ months, and causes significant distress/impaired functioning.

Answer 8

• 3
• 3

Question 9

Narcolepsy is characterized by attacks of an _______________________ with lapses into sleep or daytime naps that occur at least ___ times per week and have been present for at least ___ months.

Answer 9

• Irrepressible need to sleep
• 3
• 3

Question 10

A diagnosis of Narcolepsy requires:

• Episodes of _________________ (loss of muscle tone)
• __________________ deficiency
• A _____________________ latency less than or equal to 15 min. as measured by nocturnal sleep polysomnography.

Answer 10

• Cataplexy
• Hypocretin
• Rapid-eye-movement

Question 11

Many individuals with Narcolepsy experience ________________ or __________________ hallucinations which are, respectively, vivid hallucinations before or upon falling asleep or just after awakening.

Answer 11

• Hypnogogic
• Hypnopompic

Question 12

Because ________________ is often triggered by anger, surprise, or other strong emotion, people with Narcolepsy may try to prevent sleep attacks by controlling their emotions.

Answer 12

Cataplexy.

Question 13

____________________________ is the most common of the three Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders included in the DSM-5 (the other two are Central Sleep Apnea and Sleep-Related Hypoventiliation).

Answer 13

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea.

Question 14

Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea requires evidence by polysomnography of at least ___ obstructive apneas (total absence of airflow) or ___________ (reduced airflow) per hour of sleep and either:

• Nocturnal breathing disturbances (snoring, gasping, or breathing pauses), or
• Daytime sleepiness, fatigue, or unrefreshing sleep despite opportunities to sleep

Answer 14

• 15
• Hypopneas

Question 15

Moderate to severe symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea are often treated with _____________________________ (CPAP), which involves the use of a nasal mask that produces a continuous flow of air that forces the airways open.

Answer 15

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure.

Question 16

The essential feature of the Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders is recurrent episodes of ___________________ that usually occur during the first third of the major sleep episode (most often during Stage 3 or 4 sleep) and are accompanied by ________________ and __________________ (an abrupt arousal from sleep that often begins with a panicky scream and is accompanied by intense fear and signs of autonomic arousal).

Answer 16

• Incomplete awakening
• Sleepwalking
• Sleep Terror

Question 17

An individual with Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders has limited to no ______________ of an episode upon awakening; specifiers are provided for type (sleepwalking or sleep terror).

Answer 17

Recall.

Question 18

_____________________ is characterized by “repeated occurrences of extended, extremely dysphoric, and well-remembered dreams that usually involve efforts to avoid threats to surival, security, or physical integrity.”

Answer 18

Nightmare Disorder.

Question 19

Nightmares ordinarily occur during _______ sleep in the second half of the major sleep period; on awakening from a nightmare, the individual is typically ___________ but may have a lingering sense of anxiety or fear.

Answer 19

• REM
• Fully alert