Skeletal Study Guide

Question 1

Long Bone

Answer 1

have long longitudinal axes and expanded ends. Examples are the forearm and thigh bones

Question 2

Short Bone

Answer 2

Somewhat cubelike, with their lengths and and widths roughly equal. Examples are the bones of the wrist and ankles

Question 3

Flat Bone

Answer 3

platelike structures with broad surfaces, such as the ribs, scapulae, and some bones of the skull.

Question 4

Irregular Bone

Answer 4

have a variety of shapes and are usually connected to several other bones. They include the vertebrae that comprise the backbone and many facial bones

Question 5

Round Bone

Answer 5

also called sesamoid bones. They are usually small and nodular and are embedded within tendons adjacent to joints. Example is the kneecap (patella).

Question 6

Epiphysis

Answer 6

Articulates (forms a joint) with another bone

Question 7

Diaphysis

Answer 7

The shaft of the bone, between the epiphyses

Question 8

Periosteum

Answer 8

fibrous connective tissue covering on the surface on a bone.

Question 9

Compact bone

Answer 9

Dense tissue in which cells are organized in osteons (Haversian systems) with no spaces.

Question 10

Spongy Bone

Answer 10

The epiphyses are composed largely of this. It is also called cancellous bone. Consists of numerous branching bony plates.

Question 11

Marrow

Answer 11

Connective tissue in spaces and in bones that includes blood-forming stem and progenitor cells.

Question 12

Intramembranous bone

Answer 12

Bones that form from membranelike layers of primitive connective tissue.

Question 13

Osteoblasts

Answer 13

Bone forming cells

Question 14

Osteoclasts

Answer 14

Cells that erode bone

Question 15

Ossification

Answer 15

The formation of bone tissue

Question 16

Endochrondral bones

Answer 16

Bones that originate as hyaline cartilage and are subsequently replaced by bone

Question 17

Suture

Answer 17

Twenty-two bones in the human skull are firmly interlocked along these things

Question 18

Fibrous joint

Answer 18

Two or more bones by fibrous connective tissue

Question 19

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 19

Two or more bones that joined by cartilage

Question 20

Synovial joint

Answer 20

Freely movable joints

Question 21

Ball and socket joint

Answer 21

consists of a bone with a globular or slightly egg-shaped head that articulates with the cup-shaped cavity of another bone. Such a joint allows wider range of motion than does any other kind, permitting movements in all planes, as well as rotational movement around around a central axis. The shoulder and hips have joints of this type

Question 22

Condyloid joint

Answer 22

an oval-shaped condyle of one bone fits into an elliptical cavity of another bone, such as in the joints between the metacarpals and phalanges. This type of joint permits a variety of movements in different planes; rotational movement, however, is not possible

Question 23

Gliding joint

Answer 23

also called plane joints. Articulating surfaces of these joints are flat or slightly curved. Most of the joints within the wrist, ankle, and those between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae belong to this group. They allow sliding and twisting movements. The sacroiliac joints and the joints formed by the ribs connecting with the sternum are also these joints.

Question 24

Hinge joint

Answer 24

the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another, as in the elbow and the joints of the phalanges. Such a joint resembles the hinge of a door in that it permits movement in one place only

Question 25

Pivot joint

Answer 25

the cylindrical surface of one bone rotates within a ring formed of bone and ligament. Movement is limited to the rotation around the central axis. The joint between the proximal ends of the radius and the ulna is of this type

Question 26

Saddle joint

Answer 26

forms between bones whose articulating surfaces have both concave and convex regions. The surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of the other. This physical relationship permits a variety of movements, as in the joint between the carpal (trapezium) and metacarpal bones of the thumb

Question 27

Functions of bone?

Answer 27

Provide points of attachment for muscles, protect and support softer tissues, houses blood-producing cells, store inorganic salts, and form passageways for blood vessels and nerves

Question 28

Fibrous joint

Answer 28

Suture between bones of skull, joint between the distal ends of tibia and fibula

Question 29

Cartilaginous Joint

Answer 29

Joints between the bodies of vertebrae, symphysis pubis

Question 30

Synovial joint

Answer 30

Most joints within the skeletal system

Question 31

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer 31

Shoulder; hip

Question 32

Condyloid or Ellipsoidal joint

Answer 32

Joints between the metacarpals and phalanges

Question 33

Gliding or Plane joint

Answer 33

Joints between various bones of wrist and ankle, sacroiliac joints, joints between ribs 2-7 and sternum

Question 34

Hinge joint

Answer 34

Elbow, joints of phalanges

Question 35

Pivot joint

Answer 35

Joint between the proximal ends of radius and ulna

Question 36

Saddle joint

Answer 36

Joint between the carpal and metacarpal of thumb