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PDA II > Exam 2 CNS > Flashcards

Exam 2 CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Chronotropy

A

Heart rate - due to conduction system of the heart

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2
Q

Inotrophy

A

Contractility of heart - due to contraction of heart muscle

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3
Q

Lusitropy

A

Relaxation of heart - in between beats does heart go back to “rested” before contracting again

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4
Q

Glutamate

A

Major excitatory NT: everywhere

  • receptors are ion channels (NMDA, AMPDA)
  • ligand binding depolarizers neuron, creates or transmits an impulse
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5
Q

GABA and Glycine

A

Major inhibitory NTs

  • GABA released throughout CNS
  • Glycine released in brain stem & spinal cord (no drugs on this system)
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6
Q

Monoamine NTs

A

Dopamine
N/E
5-HT (serotonin)

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7
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Sedation
Muscle relaxation
Paradoxical stimulatory effects
Cognition (anterograde amnesia)

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8
Q

Diazepam, alprazolam, temazepam

A

Benzodiazepines
Diazepam - muscle relaxation
Xanax/Valium - anti-anxiety activity

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9
Q

Zolpidem and zapelon

A

Non-benzo GABA agonists

  • hyperpolarizes neuron
  • treats insomnia
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10
Q

Suvorexant (Belsomra)

A

Orexin antagonist

-sleep/wake cycle

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11
Q

Mechanism for attacking spasticity

A
  • decrease a utility of nerve fibers that excite motor neurons
  • increase activity of inhibitory interneurons (GABA)
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12
Q

Benzodiazepines (GABAa)

Baclofen (GABAb)

A

Muscle relaxants

GABA agonists

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13
Q

Tizanidine

A

Muscle relaxant

Central alpha-2nd agonist

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14
Q

Dantrolene

A 
Muscle relaxant 
Calcium blocker (ryanodine receptor)
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15
Q

Carisoprodol, cyclobenzaprine, chlorzoxazone

A

Muscle relaxant, CNS agent

Mechanism unclear

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16
Q

Amitriptyline and imipramine

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

  • Non-selectively inhibit reuptake of amine NTs from synaptic cleft
  • Blocks specific 5-HT receptors
17
Q

Fluoxetine, paroxetine, citalopram, sertraline

A

SSRIs

  • selectively inhibit 5-HT reuptake
  • block specific 5-HT receptors
  • less ADRs
18
Q

Venlafaxine

A

SNRI (serotonergic/adrenergic)

  • selective reuptake of BOTH 5-HT and NE
  • less ADR than TCAs
19
Q

Bupropion

A

DNRI (dopaminergic/noradrenergic)

  • selective reuptake of DA and NE
  • least ADR occurrence
20
Q

Lithium

A

Drug of choice for manic phase of bipolar disorder

-cleared by the kidney

21
Q

Phenytoin

A

Anti-epileptic
Sodium channel blocker
-lots of ADRs (interactions with enzymes/protein binding: MK kinetics)
-weird metabolism

22
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Anti-epileptic
Sodium blocker
-lots of ADR (hypersensitivity)

23
Q

Ethosuximide

A

Anti-epileptic
Calcium blocker
-drug of choice for absence seizures (can make seizures worse)

24
Q

Gabapentin

A

Anti-epileptic
Affects calcium channels
Used as pain modulator too

25
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Anti-epileptic
Sodium/glutamate blocking activity
Used in bipolar disorder
-hypersensitivity

26
Q

Valproate

A

Anti-epileptic
Broad spectrum AED, many MOA\
Servers GI effects & hypersensitivity
Used for pain/bipolar disorder

27
Q

Mesolimbic

A

Reward pathway

Affects emotions, behavior

28
Q

Mesocortical

A

Affects cognition and processing of information

29
Q

Nigrostriatal

A

Affects movement

30
Q

Tuberoinfundibular

A

Regulates prolactin levels

31
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

Loss of dopaminergic neurons in Nigrostriatal tract (motor cortex)

32
Q

L-Dopa

A

For Parkinson’s
Enters CNS but broken down by DOPA decarboxylase and COMT
-Broken down by MAO

33
Q

Carbidopa (given w/ L-Dopa as sinemet)

A
  • peripheral Dopa decarboxylase inhibitor

- increases DA in CNS

34
Q

Tolcapone

A

COMT inhibitor

Parkinson’s

35
Q

Selegeline

A

MAO inhibitor

Parkinson’s

36
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Phenothiazines, neuroleptic
-1950s/1960s
-non-specific D2 receptor blockade in mesolimbic/mesocortical tracts
ADRs: off target effects - Ach, H, NE block

37
Q

Haloperidol

A

Neuroleptic for psychosis
-1950s/1960s
Increases D2 blocking activity
-D blocks in other tracts

38
Q

Clozapine, Risperidone, and Aripiprazole

A

-atypical (newer) agents for treatment of psychosis
5-HT (and D2) antagonist
Less ADRs

PDA II (3 decks)

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