Vital Signs

Question 1

Thermoregulation

Answer 1

physiological and behavioral mechanismsregulate the balance between heat lost and heat produced.

Question 2

Vasodilation

Answer 2

widening of blood vessels to encourage heat loss

Question 3

Vasoconstriction

Answer 3

narrowing of blood vessels to reduce blood flow to the skin and extremities, conserving heat.

Question 4

Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 4

heat produced by the body at absolute rest

Question 5

Radiation

Answer 5

transfer of heat from teh surface of one object to the surface of another without direct contact between the two.

Question 6

Conduction

Answer 6

Transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact

Question 7

convection

Answer 7

transfer of heat away by air movement. Increases when moist skin comes into contact with slightly moving air

Question 8

Evaporation

Answer 8

transfer of heat energy when liquid is changed to gas

Question 9

Pyrogens

Answer 9

substances that cause a rise in body temperature, as in the case of bacterial toxins

Question 10

FUO

Answer 10

fever of unknown origin- undetermiend case

Question 11

Malignant Hyperthermia

Answer 11

hereditary condition of uncontrolled heat production that occurs when susceptible people have certain anesthetic drugs. Very high fever with surgery. Temperature keeps climbing- quickly can affect brain

Question 12

ventilation

Answer 12

the movement of gases in and out of the lungs

Question 13

diffusion

Answer 13

the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the red blood cells

Question 14

external respiration

Answer 14

from alveoli to blood

Question 15

internal respiration

Answer 15

capillary bed to toe tissue

Question 16

perfusion

Answer 16

the distribution of RBC to and from the pulmonary capillaries

Question 17

eupnea

Answer 17

normal rate and depth of ventilation

Question 18

bradypnea

Answer 18

rate of breathing is regular, but abnormally slow (less than 12 breaths per minute) slower than the range for that age

Question 19

tachypnea

Answer 19

rate of breathing is regular but abnormally rapid (greater than 20 breaths per minute)

Question 20

apnea

Answer 20

respirations cease for several seconds. persistent cessation results in respiratory arrest

Question 21

hypoventilation

Answer 21

respiratory rate abnormally low, and depth of ventilation is depressed Hypercarbia

Question 22

hyperventilation

Answer 22

rate and depth of respirations increased Hypocarbia

Question 23

regular respiration rhythm

Answer 23

even and same height wave curves

Question 24

Cheyne- Stokes

Answer 24

respiratory rate and depth are irregular, characterized by alternating periods of apnea and hyperventilation. Respiratory cycle begins with slow shallow breaths that gradually increase to abnormal rates and depth. The pattern reverses- breathing slows and becomes shallow, climaxing in apnea before respiration resumes. Happens in dying patient or when have neurological difficulties

Question 25

Kussmaul

Answer 25

respirations are abnormally deep regular and increased in rate. Exaggerated hyperventilation. Usually in acidoic condition

Question 26

Biots

Answer 26

respirations are abnormally shallow for two or three breaths followed by irregular period of apnea- neurological injury

Question 27

Ataxic

Answer 27

irregular- neurological injury

Question 28

Bradypnea

Answer 28

shallow

Question 29

P-wave

Answer 29

atrial contraction

Question 30

Q wave

Answer 30

normally small (larger on MI)

Question 31

ORS

Answer 31

ventricle squeeze

Question 32

ST

Answer 32

segment before repolarization

Question 33

T

Answer 33

repolarization, recharge and ions go back across membrane to get ready for next beat

Question 34

Hypovolemia

Answer 34

abnormally low circulating blood volume

Question 35

Huff Couch

Answer 35

make coughing sound to rattle bronchial tube

Question 36

Cascade cough

Answer 36

seriies of small coughs to move stuff up

Question 37

Pursed lip breathing

Answer 37

used when patients have trouble with air trapping- COPD. Puts positive pressure back on airway to exhale longer and get more air out

Question 38

Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale

Answer 38

assess shortness of breath

Question 39

Orthostatic hypotension

Answer 39

reduction in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure by at least 20 or 10 mmHg respectively within 1-4 minutes of standing after being recumbent for at least 5 minutes

Question 40

Postprandial Hypotension

Answer 40

systolic blood pressure reduction of 20 mmHg or more within 2 hours of eating a meal