Cosmological Argument

Question 1

what does Kosmos mean?

Answer 1

universe

Question 2

cosmological argument fundamentals

Answer 2

why is there something rather than nothing and that everything must have a beginning

Question 3

which famous philosopher wrote summa theologica

Answer 3

Thomas Aquinas

Question 4

what does the summa theologica explain

Answer 4

1- firstly = god is the first mover - everything must have been moved by something else and this cannot go into ‘INFINITE REGRESS’
2= god is the fist efficient cause- each thing in the universe has a cause but God - God is the uncaused cause
3= God is the only thing that has necessity in its existence all other things are contingent

Question 5

what is infinite regress

Answer 5

going back and back

Question 6

who was kalam

Answer 6

a muslim scholar who (with others) developed the Kalam argument and questions the concept of infinity

Question 7

what does kalam state

Answer 7

1= in a infinite library which would be greater the number of books or the total number of green spines 
2= if we borrowed a book from the library would the total number of books decrease

Question 8

what did Al Ghazali argue

Answer 8

that actual infinity are impossible therefore universe cannot be infinite and must have beginning and therefore a cause i.e. God

Question 9

which philosopher gave the argument a boost

Answer 9

William Lane Craig

Question 10

William lane Craig argument

Answer 10

he gave it a modern form - 1= universe has a beginning 2= beginning was a caused
3= that cause was probably personal choice
4= therefore God exists

Question 11

critisism of craig

Answer 11

universe might be infinite (steady state theory) and the cause might have been entirely impersonal

Question 12

who challenges Aquinas

Answer 12

Hume

Question 13

what is Humes argument

Answer 13

1= like causes resemble life effects - finite effect will have finite cause - would be more reasonable to assume that the world was created by Male and Female Gods than to postulate a christian god

Question 14

Homes argument on Experience

Answer 14

we have no experience of universe being made

we keno about causes within the universe but this doesn’t entitle us to move to a cause of universe as a whol

Question 15

what does Bertand Russel say about Humes argument of experience

Answer 15

you can’t say that because a man has a mother mankind has a mother

Question 16

Humes argument about Logic

Answer 16

no proposition about existence can be logically necessary it is always perfectly possible to make an opposite statement to any existential proposition and like the O arg you can’t go from what you say to a thing itself

Question 17

Humes argument about Necessity

Answer 17

the word necessary being have no consistent meaning - any being that is said to exist could not exist - all existentials propositions are synthetic