Topic 4

Question 1

Cells and tissue type, and function of the dermal tissue system

Answer 1

Cells and tissue types: epidermis, guard cells, subsidiary cells and trichomes

Function: protection, regulation of gas exchange

Question 2

Cells and tissue type, and function of the ground tissue system

Answer 2

Cells and tissue types: chlorenchyma, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

Function: photosynthesis, growth, secretion, support, storage

Question 3

Cells and tissue type, and function of the vascular tissue system

Answer 3

Cells and tissue types: xylem, phloem, companion cells

Function: conduction of water, minerals, food

Question 4

Conduction (unidirectional) water and dissolved minerals

Answer 4

Xylem

Question 5

Bidirectional transport of carbohydrate

Answer 5

Phloem

Question 6

Protects from mechanical insult, desiccation, and invasion by pathogens

Answer 6

Epidermal cell

Question 7

Regulates gas exchange by controlling the size of stomates

Answer 7

Guard cell

Question 8

Assists guard cell function

Answer 8

Subsidiary cell

Question 9

Structure of the parenchyma

Answer 9

Uniformly thin cell wall

Question 10

Function of the parenchyma

Answer 10

Regeneration and wound healing
New growth
Functions in photosynthesis (chlorenchyma)
Functions in storage

Question 11

Parenchyma specialized for absorption or secretion

Answer 11

Transfer cells

Question 12

Parenchyma cells are ______ at maturity and have a ________ cell wall only.

Answer 12

Living, primary

Question 13

Structure of the collenchyma

Answer 13

Unevenly thickened primary cell wall

Question 14

Function of collenchyma

Answer 14

Support of young, growing tissues; provide structural support for actively growing parts of the stem

Question 15

Structure of sclerenchyma

Answer 15

Have both primary and secondary cell walls, with the secondary walls being very thick

Question 16

Function of sclerenchyma

Answer 16

Support of mature tissues (no longer capable of growth)

Question 17

Two types of sclerenchyma

Answer 17

Fibers and sclerids

Question 18

Two types of xylem

Answer 18

Tracheids and vessels

Question 19

Type of xylem that have slender cells with pits in the lateral walls

Answer 19

Tracheids

Question 20

Type of xylem cells that are shorter, wider cells with lateral pits as well as terminal perforations (large holes)

Answer 20

Vessels

Question 21

Xylem is ________ at maturity.

Answer 21

Non-living

Question 22

Two types of phloem

Answer 22

Sieve cells and sieve tube members

Question 23

Type of phloem that have pore that are uniform in size and located on all walls

Answer 23

Sieve cells

Question 24

Type of phloem that have pores and have sieve plates with larger pores at their ends

Answer 24

Sieve tube member

Question 25

Phloem is ______ at maturity but greatly reduced in terms of _______.

Answer 25

Living, organelles

Question 26

Vascular cambium within the vascular bundle

Answer 26

Fascicular cambium

Question 27

Part of the vascular cambium that lies between the vascular bundles

Answer 27

Interfascicular cambium

Question 28

Type of sclerenchyma that provides mechanical support to the vascular bundles and surrounding tissues of stem

Answer 28

Primary phloem fibers

Question 29

Photosynthetic parenchyma cells

Answer 29

Chlorenchyma

Question 30

Function of p-protein/slime plug

Answer 30

Seal the vascular tissue in the event of injury