Population Change

Question 1

How has the world population been changing since 1800?

Answer 1

The world population has been exponentially growing (continually increasing)

Question 2

How has the population changed (in billions) since 1800?

Answer 2

in 1800 the population was about 1 billion but has exponentially increased- reaching 7 billion in 2011

Question 3

Where is the population expected to settle? (in billions)

Answer 3

In the future the population is expected to settle at around 9 billion

Question 4

What is natural change?

Answer 4

The difference between the birth and death rate

Question 5

What is the birth rate?

Answer 5

The number of live births per 1000 people per year

Question 6

How many stages are there in the demographic transition model?

Answer 6

There are 5 stages

Question 7

What are the stages of the demographic transition model?

Answer 7

1: High Fluctuating 2:Early expanding 3:Late expanding
4: Low fluctuating 5:Natural decrease

Question 8

What do the names of the stages in the demographic transition model refer to?

Answer 8

The birth rate - NOT the population

Question 9

What is the replacement rate?

Answer 9

A birth rate which is high enough for a new generation to be the same as the previous generation

Question 10

What are the shapes of the population structures in stages 1, 2 and 3?

Answer 10

1: Concave triangle 2: triangle 3: Half an oval

Question 11

What are the shapes of the population structures in stages 4 and 5?

Answer 11

4: semi-oval with tapered base 5: pentagon

Question 12

What are some places at stages 1, 2 and 3 in the DTM?

Answer 12

1: Traditional rain-forest tribes 2: Afghanistan 3: India/Kenya

Question 13

What are some countries at stages 4 and 5 in the DTM?

Answer 13

4: USA/UK 5: Germany/Japan

Question 14

What are 4 factors which affect population growth?

Answer 14

Agricultural change, urbanisation, education, emancipation of women (all decrease the population growth)

Question 15

How does agricultural change affect population?

Answer 15

Mechanisation means less farm labourers are needed = larger families not needed = decreased birth rate

Question 16

How does urbanisation affect population growth?

Answer 16

Rural to urban migration; children aren’t needed to work in cities so no need for large families = decreased birth rate

Question 17

How does education affect population growth?

Answer 17

Increased education = children more of an economic burden = decreased birth rate

Question 18

How does the emancipation (political equality) of women affect population growth?

Answer 18

Women have the choice of whether to have children and many want careers not children = decreased birth rate (happens in more developed countries)

Question 19

What do population pyramids show?

Answer 19

The age and gender composition of a country/city/area

Question 20

Urban areas of LEDCs tend to have what composition?

Answer 20

They tend to be made up of predominantly young-middle aged males

Question 21

What is a sustainable population?

Answer 21

A population whose growth and development does not threaten the success of future generations

Question 22

What issues have arisen in LEDC rural areas due to population growth?

Answer 22

Deforestation/soil erosion/desertification, overgrazing, shortage of clean water, tension between tribes, pollution (water/air/land), lack of basic public services

Question 23

What issues have arisen in LEDC urban areas due to population growth?

Answer 23

Water/land/air pollution, traffic congestion, low living standards, overcrowding/slums, inadequate public services, rising crime

Question 24

What issues have arisen in LEDC as a whole due to population growth?

Answer 24

International debts, unemployment, shortages of food/raw materials, unstable governments, lack of money for basic healthcare/schooling

Question 25

What are pro-natal policies?

Answer 25

Policies trying to increase the birth rate

Question 26

What are anti-natal policies?

Answer 26

Policies trying to decrease the birth rate

Question 27

What is a population policy?

Answer 27

A national plan for population change

Question 28

When was China’s one child policy introduced?

Answer 28

1979

Question 29

Why was China’s one child policy introduced?

Answer 29

The Chinese government was worried that there wouldn’t be enough space/food/resources/housing/water/jobs for a rapidly increasing population

Question 30

What positive impacts did China’s one child policy have?

Answer 30

Population grew much less quickly, more frequent health checks available for women

Question 31

What negative impacts did China’s one child policy have?

Answer 31

Little emperors, gender imbalance (everyone wanted a male child), forced abortions and sterilisation

Question 32

What did the Chinese government do to help stop the gender imbalance?

Answer 32

1994: illegal to reveal baby’s gender before birth

Question 33

What did the Chinese government do to stop women having a second child?

Answer 33

Introduced fines and before 2002 gave women forced abortions and sterilised them after their first child (outlawed in 2002)

Question 34

When was the one child policy changed?

Answer 34

It became a two child policy in January 2016