Key Legislation Flashcards

1
Q

Hatch Act, 1939

A

Limits political activities of civil service employees

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2
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

Title II bans discrimination in public places on basis of race, color, national origin, or religion.

Title VII prohibits employment discrimination plus sex

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3
Q

Voting Rights Act of 1965

A

Suspends literacy tests; empowered officials to register voters/ensure citizens to vote/count ballots prohibited states from changing voting procedures w/o federal permission

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4
Q

Age Discrimination in Employment Act, 1967

A

Bans age discrimination for jobs unless age is related to job performance

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5
Q

Air Quality Act, 1967 and various Clean Air Acts, 1960s-90s

A

Established emissions standards for cars and factories and minimum standards for states

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6
Q

Federal Election Campaign Acts, 1971-1974

A

Created FEC; requires disclosure of contributions/spending, limitations and subsidies for pres candidate contribution/spending

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7
Q

Title IX of Education Act of 1972

A

Prohibited gender discrimination in federally subsidized education programs

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8
Q

War Powers Act, 1973

A

Pres could send troops overseas to an area where hostilities were imminent only if: notified Congress within 48 hrs, withdrew troops within 60-90 days, consulted with Congress if troops were engaged in combat

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9
Q

Freedom of Information Act, 1974

A

Allows public access to nonclassified fed documents

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10
Q

Budget and Impoundment Control Act, 1974

A

Established congressional budget committees, CBO, extend budget process by 3 months

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11
Q

Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Bill, 1985

A

Set gradual budget reduction targets to lead to a balanced budget. Across-the-board budget cuts to kick in if targets not met. Loopholes let to abandonment in late 80s.

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12
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act, 1990

A

Bans job discrimination against disabled if “reasonable accommodation” can be made. Requires access to facilities for handicapped.

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13
Q

National Voter Registration Bill (“Motor Voter Act”, 1993

A

Requires states to allow people to register to vote when applying for driver’s licenses applications or completing license renewal forms

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14
Q

Religious Freedom Restoration Act. 1993

A

Restored compelling purpose guideline for courts to use when states restrict religious liberty. Struck down by Supreme Court in Boerne v. Flores.

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15
Q

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

A

Requires CBO to analyze impact of unfunded mandates on states. Requires separate congressional vote on bills that impose unfunded mandates

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16
Q

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (Welfare Reform Act of 1996)

A

Ended federal entitlement status of welfare, and in its place, the fed gov’t gave block grants to states to administer welfare (with restrictions)

17
Q

Communications Decency Act (CDA), 1997

A

Prohibited circulation of “indecent” material on Internet to minors. Struck down by Supreme Court.

18
Q

No Child Left Behind Act, 2001

A

States must adopt education accountability standards, annually test students; sanctions against schools that fail to meet adequate yearly progress

19
Q

USA Patriot Act, 2001

A

Strengthens the fed gov’t power to conduct surveillance, perform searches, and detain individuals in order to combat terrorism

20
Q

McCain-Feingold Bill (Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2002)

A

Raised hard money limits to $2000; banned soft money contributions to national political parties

21
Q

Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) 2010

A

Required all Americans to purchase health insurance; eliminated lifetime caps; patients w/ pre-existing conditions could not be denied coverage or have to pay higher premiums; grants were provided to states that expanded Medicaid