Test 2

Question 1

Logrolling

Answer 1

The practice of exchanging favors, especially in politics by reciprocal voting for each other’s proposed legislation

Question 2

What is the Federal Register

Answer 2

The daily journal of federal rule-making and other administrative activity

Question 3

Policy Designers must consider what when designing policy?

Answer 3

Political feasibility, resources, and the behavior of policy target

Question 4

Lowi’s 3 policy categories

Answer 4

Distributive, redistributive and regulatory

Question 5

Why have policy typologies?

Answer 5

To organize a broad range of public policies into a system of policy types to aid in understanding and analysis

Question 6

Distributive

Answer 6

A policy that takes a resource from a broad group and gives it to a narrower one (farm subsidies)

Question 7

Redistributive

Answer 7

takes from one identifiable group and gives it to another (welfare)

Question 8

Regulatory

Answer 8

Competitive = market interference
Protective = protects consumers

Question 9

Cost-benefit analysis

Answer 9

A technique of policy analysis that seeks to understand the costs of a course of action and its benefits. (Costs are easier to calculate than benefits)

Question 10

Bounded Rationality

Answer 10

Describes how decision makers seek to act as rationally as possible within certain boys or limits

Question 11

Incrementalism

Answer 11

Policy making is accomplished in baby steps

Question 12

Rational Comprehensive

Answer 12

is not practical because decision makers don’t have anywhere close to all the information needed to make a decision

Question 13

Efficiency

Answer 13

Gaining the most output for a given level of input

Question 14

Why is efficiency hard to accomplish?

Answer 14

Because it is hard to define

Question 15

Hobbes: liberty V security

Answer 15

We have to sacrifice certain liberties to live in a stable and safe society

Question 16

Policy tool

Answer 16

a method through which government seeks a policy objective

Question 17

Indicator

Answer 17

Evidence of a problem, often based on statistics. (unemployment rate)

Question 18

Focusing event

Answer 18

A sudden event that can generate attention to public problems or issues, particularly issues and problems that are actually or potentially harmful

Question 19

Instrumental policy learning

Answer 19

Learning about the effectiveness of policy tools and interventions

Question 20

Why is policy failure hard to define?

Answer 20

Because it is hard to determine what is an absolute failure

Question 21

Single loop learning

Answer 21

learning about how a policy or process works and making adjustments without questioning the fundamental assumptions of the policy

Question 22

Double loop learning

Answer 22

A type of learning that involves not only thinking about how a policy or process works but also its fundamental assumptions

Question 23

Bottom-up approach

Answer 23

A way of studying policy design and implementation that considers the abilities and motivations of the lowest level implements and tracks policy design from that level to the highest levels of government.

Question 24

Top-down approach

Answer 24

A way of studying policy design and implementation that considers the goals of the highest level policy designers and traces the design and implementation of the policy through the lowest level implementers

Question 25

Street level bureaucrat

Answer 25

Bureaucrats that work directly with the public

Question 26

Challenges of organizational learning

Answer 26

can organizations “non” human entities learn from mistakes

Question 27

Advocacy coalition framework

Answer 27

Interest groups are organized in policy communities
within a policy domain
•Each policy domain contains 2–4 advocacy coalitions •The coalitions self-organize around shared beliefs •Policy brokers seek to make compromises among
advocacy coalitions

Question 28

Punctuated equilibrium

Answer 28

Long periods of policy stability are followed by rapid

change, followed by long periods of stability

Question 29

Satisficing

Answer 29

Making the best possible decision under constraints related to time, information and other resources

Question 30

Kingdon Steams

Answer 30

A policy stream is continuous, a political stream and problem stream interact to create a window of opportunity for policy change